C-257 



(Sarneon Ccntenarv 

m^ mU BOSTON, MASS. 





if^'-'Jiji^ /. 



cvo^n^uJtrKy. 



^ Tib 

4^ ^\)t Cclcljiation 



of the 



♦>?>♦ 



T (J^ue |[?unbrcbtfj ^unibcisarp ; 

Tp " Tf^ 

TI^ of the birth of 

tf^ WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON 

T^ t|^ 

.^ By the Colored Citizens of Greater Boston under the auspices of the .f, ' 

^1^ Suffrage League of Boston and Vicinity ^^ 

f|/f DECEMBER TENTH and ELEVENTH, MCMV fj^^ 

^f^ With abridged accounts of celebrations held by certain churches of Greater Boston T%'^ 

A Sunday Evening, December Tenth, in response to appeal of ^|^ 

^'•' the Suffrage League "'•''' 

4^ • ^b 

mjijm Reported by Miss Ethel Lewis, Cambridge fsf/9 
Edited by the Secretary of the Suffrage League Centenary Committee 

t ^^^"^ t 

t BOSTON A 

*** The Garrison Centenary Committee of the Suffrage League of Boston and Vicinity '*' 

^ 1906 Tf:^ 

^ ^b ^h ^b ^t^ ^b ^i^ ^t^ Tt^ T?^ ^i^ ^t^ ^t^ t}:^ ^b ^t^ ^t^ ^b 






LIBRARY of CONGRESS 

Two CoDies Received 

MAY 14 1906 

Copyright Entry . 
CLASS Co XXc, No. 
' <^Cc/pY bT ^ 



COI'YRIGHT, 1906 



Garrison Centenary Committee 

l'ul>lishers, 

BOSTON, MASS. 



VRl'A'WCE 

The Sullragc Lca.gue of llostoii an<l \iriiiil\, niHlcr wliosc 
auspices a two days citizens' celebralii'U of (he one luiiKlrrdili an- 
niversary of the l)irtli of William Lloyd ( iarrisoii, the abolition- 
ist, was held in r.ostoii. 1 )ec. loth and nth, i<P5, voted at a 
meeting- held at 3 Tremonl Row, Room 19, Dec. 22nd., 1905, 
to authorize the publication in book form of a record of this 
citizens' celebration with an abridgi'd account of those church 
celebrations held Dec. lutli, 11^05, in lioslon and vicinity, in 
response tO' the League's apjieal to clcrg-ymen. In pursuance 
of that vote the (iarrison Centenary CommittcH' >>\ ilic League 
have published this book. 

In its preparation and publication they have had the active 
support of the Citizens' Committee of Arrang-cments of the cel- 
ebration, and the assistance of those who took part in the pro- 
gram, of invited g^uests, and of many other citizens. The Com- 
mittee are esj)ecially indebted to i\Iiss l"lthcl G. Lewis, who volun- 
teered her services as stenog^rapher and attended nearly all of 
the sessions of the central celebration. Through her services, and 
the kindness of speakers who furnished manuscript, the Com- 
mittee are able to present the main portion of every speech de- 
livered, save one the author of which preferred its omission. They 
are indebted to Mr. Francis ]. Carrison, also, for use of several 
cuts. 

The value of this volume consists, not in its literary form — 
for it is but a plain narrative of events — but rather in its accur- 
ate historical record of a remarkable tribute to the memory of 
one of the w^orld's greatest moral heroes by the citizens of the 
city where he worked, suffered and triumphed, a generation after 
his death. Its further value consists in the recorded utterances 
of men and women of strong intellect and of earnest purpose, 
some of whom knew Mr. Garrison as an intimate friend or rela- 
tive, utterances which, taken together, constitute a notable con- 
tribution to the literature of agitation for human liberty and 
equal rights. 

That this book may increase veneration for the great anti- 
slavery agitator, lead men and women to emulate his example, 
and help the anti-salvery cause of to(!a\-, and of the future, is 
the prayer of its publishers. 

Joshua A. Crav/ford, Chairman ; Leigh W. Carter, Geo. F. 
Grant, Charles H. liall, N. B. Marshall, Emery T. Morris, C. 
H. Plummer, A. H. Scales, Charles li. Scales, C. G. Steward, 
Joseph Lee, Wm. Monroe Trotter, Garrison Centenary Com- 
mittee of the Suffrage League of Boston and Vicinity. 

W'm. Monroe Trotter, Secretary. 
Boston, January, 1906. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



ExERciSKs OF Sunday, December ioth. 

At the Grave ......... 7 

At "Rockledge" . 13 

At the Statue ••......, 17 

At the Joy Street African Baptist Church • , . . 21 

Exercises OF Monday, Dkcemher 1 iph. 

Faneuil Hall : 

Morning Session . • . . . . . . ,j 

Afternoon Session •-..... ^6 

F.vening Session ••...... 40 

Citizens' Committee . . . . . . . , . ^r 



Auxiliary Church Celebrations 69 



The Two Days Citizens' Cele 
bration of the Garrison 
Centenary in Boston 
Massachusetts 



^\. 



fsf/f 



Exercises of Sunday, Dec. 10, 1905 



AT THE GRAVE, FOREST HILLS CEMETERY 



The two-days celebration of the 
one-himdreth anniversary of the birth 
of William Lloyd Garrison, the 
abolitionist, by the citizens of Great- 
er Boston, under the auspices of 
the Suffrage League of Boston and vi- 
cinity, was formally opened just be- 
fore one o'clock Sunday afternoon, 
Dec. 10, 1905, at the grave of the 
great anti-slavery agitator on Smilax 
path, Forest Hills cemetery in the 
Forest Hills district of Boston. Mass. 

The city recognized the celebration 
by flying the flags at full mast Sun- 
day and Monday from all public build- 
ings, and many school children held 
Garrison exercises in the class room. 

It had been snowing all night and 
w^as gtill snowing when the small body 
of admirers arrived at the goal of 
their pilrrimage, some in hacks and 
some on foot, among them two women 
and a little boy. 

Benjamin H. Washington, son of the 
Stoughton florist, who was to donate 
the wreath for the statue, and grand- 
son of a former deacon of the Smith 
Court church scraped the snow from 
the grave stone and William Monroe 
Trotter, son of the late Lieut. .James 
M. Trotter of the 55th Mass. Regiment, 
removed the snow from the top of t^ e 
grave. When the small comp?.ny had 



drawn reverently near Mr. .1. A. Craw- 
ford, chairman of the Garrison Cen- 
tenary committee of the Bos- 
ton Suffrage League, in a few 
well chosen words, declared the 
Citizens' Celebration, under the 
auspices of the Bo.ston Suffrage 
League, opened, saying how much the 
Colored people revered the name of 
Garrison for his services in the cause 
of liberty and taking hope from the 
uniting of all elements of this people 
to honor Gaj-rison's memory. 

He then called upon Chairm?,n Dan- 
iel H. Miner of the Citizen's Wreath 
Committee, who placed two wreaths 
upon the tablet, assisted by Mr. Emery 
T. Morris, nephew of Robert Morris, 
the great lawyer of the early times. 

One wreath was donated by the 
Boylston street florists. Houghton and 
Clark, and the other by Mr. .1. H. 
McKenzie. member of the wreath com- 
mittee. Then Rev. S. J. Comfort, pas- 
tor of the Calvary Baptist church, of- 
fered a fervent prayer in part as fol- 
lows: 

We bless Thee today tor the name 
of Garrison and for the great army of 
good men and women whom Thou 
didst raise up to defend the cause of 
the oppressed. Thou hast especially 
promised in Thy word to help those 
who are crushed by the hand of op- 




GRAVE OF GARRISON 
SMILAX PATH, FOREST HILLS CEMETERY, BOSTON 



BIRTH OK \VII,1,I.\M I,I,()\'I) (lAKKISOM 



pression, and we acknowledge that we 
are the beneficiaries of this precious 
promis*^ by the life of him whoso 
name we revere and commemorate to- 
day. For, when sin and avarice were 
enthroned in the heart of the nation, 
when the national conscience was 
asleep, and when ministers of tli<^ 
precious gospel of Jesus Christ apolo- 
gized and helped to tighten the awful 
fetters upon the slave, it was then 
that Thou didst call from the ranks ot 
the people William Lloyd Gaa-rison, 
who became our friend and our broth- 
er, and gave his life for the freedom 
of the slave. We thank Thee for the 
unselfish example of his life by which 
he suff(>red in the midst of poverty, 
and for the great heroism of his soul 
in that he would not be silent, but in 
spite of unjust laws and mob violence 
he continued to deliver the message of 
his soul until this nation was shaken 
from center to circumference, and the 
shackles of human slavery were burst 
asunder. We worship Thy name today 
that Thou didst give such a man to 
this nation, a man, wiio in the midst 
of persecution dared to stand alone 
and proclaim the Fatherhood of God, 
and the Brotherhood of man. In this 
land of the free, where the gospel of 
Thy dear son is preached every Sab- 
bath, we are still deprived of the 
equal benefits of the law. We are 
lynched and proscribed against, our 
pathway is hedged in by caste pre- 
judice even now. the weak are 
wronged and oppressed by the strong. 
We know that Thou art a covenant- 
keeping God. Thou didst come down 
in answer to the cry of Thy people 
Israel, to deliver them and in answer 
to the groans ascending from huts and 
cabins of slave plantations Thou didst 
raise up the anti-slavery societv and 
delivered four millions from that' cruel 
bondage. We beseech Thee that Thou 
wouldst sanctify the memories that 
are revived today by a reaffirma- 
tion of those self-evident truths: 
that all men are created equal and 
endowed by their creator with certain 
inalienable rights, among which are 
life, liberty, and the pursuit of happi- 
ness. We pray at this time for grace 



that we may ever remember our debt 
of gratitude for the noble men and 
women, who lahoicd for the cause of 
justici' and ecpialily. Help us as citi- 
zens of this great republic, and in our 
domestic affairs to live worthy of all 
that they have done for us. \Ve pray 
tor till' emauciiiaiion of this nation 
from the sin of unjust legislation, and 
that from the ceremonies of this day 
there may be a revival of the Garri- 
sonian fiery zeal, consecrated ])y the 
s|)irit of Thy dear Son, and that it 
may continue to burn until the equal 
rights of a man shall be acknowledged 
everywhere." 

At the close of the prayer, while 
heads were still bowed Mr. Morris be- 
gan short tributes, saying: "Here is 
the grave of him who said "My Coun- 
try is the world, My Countrymen are 
all mankind." Mr. Philip B. Downing 
son of the late lamented Geo. T. 
Downing, spoke of his great love for 
the dead hero and urged that Colored 
people unite to agitate. Mrs. D. H. 
Miner told of how her grandmother, 
"Mam" Riley, sold copies of the Lib- 
erator to help Mr. Garrison, after he 
came out of jail. 

Mr. Crawford urged that a Commit- 
tee place a wreath on the grave every 
year. Mr. T. P. Taylor told of first 
meeting Mr. Garrison in .luly, 1857. of 
the Colored men he found in his office 
and of his love for the man. Mr. 
Ttotter told of his admiration for 
Garrison and urged that all rededicate 
themselves to agitate for equal rights. 

Others present at the grave were 
Mrs. Ellen Rahn. her grandson Master 
William Davenport, Dr. J. R. Stroud, 
Mr. Charles A. King, with reception 
badges, his wife being secretary of 
the receptixan committee; Mr. L. .1. 
Lynch, Mr. W. M. Lashly and .Mr. .1. 
O. Boone. 

Then all w'ended their way back to 
the main thoroughfare and took cars 
for fhe iStatue exercises. 

The citizens' committee on Wreath 
were Mr. D. H. Miner, chairman. Mrs. 
Ellen Rahn, Mrs. Arianna C. Sparrow, 
Mr. .1. H. McKenzie, Mr. Joseph Lee. 





ROCKLEDGE ■' HOMESTEAD OF GARRISON 
1 25 HIGHLAND STREE"', ROX8URY DISTRICT, BOSTON 



Jit "Rockledge" 

THE HOMESTEAD OF GARRISON 

Now St. Monica's Home. 



At 1 o'clock the second session of tlu 
citizens' celebration began at St. Mon- 
ica's Home tor Sick Colored Women 
and Children at 125 Highland street, 
Roxbury in the house which was the 
last home of the great anti-slavery agi- 
tator. 

This session was in charge of the 
St. Monica's Aid Sewing circle, and 
the St. Monica's Relief association, 
two organizations of Colored women 
that give financial aid to this hosi)ital 
which is conducted by the noble Sister 
Catherine of the Episcopalian Sisters 
of St. Margaret, and here again, de- 
spite the storm and long, high climb 
to "Rockledge," a goodly number of 
women and several men were present 
to show their devotion. One of the 
latter was Mr. John D. Willard, wdio 
had been a personal friend of Mr. 
Garrison and a subscriber to tlie Lib- 
erator. He was the organist in 
Theodore Parlver's church. Tlie last 
time he had visited the house was 
wlien Mr. Garrison was living. 

Tlie exercises, which were lield in 
the room named the "Garrison Ward," 
a large, rectangular room, formerly 
used as the parlor of the homestead, 
were presided over by an ardent ad- 
mirer of Mr. Garrison, Rev. David K. 
Wallace, assistant pastor of the Epis- 
copal Mission of St. Martin's on Lenox 
street. He began by saying the com- 
pany were gathered together on that 
memorable occasion at the home of 
the great hero, and should begin with 
prayer, commending themselves to Al- 
mighty God. In his prayer he thanked 
the Almighty that he had sent a son 
to be a deliverer to the children of 
African descent, and had permitted 
them to witness the 100th anniversary 
of the birth of the great emancipator. 

Rev. Wallace then addressed those 
assembled. He said it was his lot 
to be chairman as well as to pray. 

Rev. Father Wallace said in part: — 

It is my lot to be chairman of this 
meeting, and I assure you that it is 



a \i'r\' gi'eat honor, li doi's not oil en 
come to one of my years to occupy 
so honorable a position, when you 
realize that only a year or so before 
Garrison's death I was an infant in 
arms. And so I feel it a great privil- 
ege and a very pleasant one to be here 
in the very home of Garrison, in this 
place where he found a refuge from 
the great storm and stress of his life. 
I think the friends of Garrison could 
have chosen no better place than this 
haven. Here, perched upon the ledges 
named fitly "Rockledge," he found 
peace from the great stress and strain 
and storms and wrecks of the anti- 
slavery struggle. And from this high 
eminence we can imagine him look- 
ing out into the world, seeing the 
peace that came to the many millions 
of souls because of his untiring, his 
unselfish labor. We know that Gar- 
rison was a man of peace, and we do 
not want to lose sight of that fact 
simply because the end of his labors 
resulted in one of the greatest of 
civil wars. He was a man who be- 
lieved that his cause, the cause which 
he espoused could be a peaceable 
one, and in the articles of the con- 
stitution of the anti-slavery society 
there is special mention of the fact 
that peaceable methods were to be 
used. It is not Garrison's fault that 
there w'as the storm and the stress of 
it all. It was not his fault that this 
country was convulsed in a dread 
civil war. Not his fault in the least. 
Had men hearkened to his wise words 
in the beginning, or if they had re- 
pented later and hearkened even after 
a time, this whole cause of the de- 
livery of an oppressed people would 
have been peaceably settled. We think 
at this time of the great anti-slaverv 
liberators of Great Britain, — of Wil- 
berforce, of Pitts, and Fox, and those 
other great men. And we think from 
time to time of the peaceable settle- 
ment of the slavery question in Eng- 
land and its colonies, and we wish that 
it could have been peaceably settled 



14 



ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 



here. But, my friends, we must realize 
that this country was not England, 
and that the people of this country 
could not be influenced by argument 
like the people of England and the 
people in their parliament. So it 
seemed that there had to be this 
great conflict. 

We think of William Lloyd Garri- 
son in this his homestead, the haven 
where he found peace after the strife. 
It is not given to men always to see 
the consummation of their efforts, 
but it was given to William Lloyd 
Garrison to see the results of his life- 
long agitation. And finally after the 
results were accomplished he was able 
to come to this haven of rest and 
peace. And now we gather here in 
this haven, and think of that great 
man, and wish and pray that he may 
have peace forever more, an everlast- 
ing peace. 

Mrs. Wm. O. Goodell, secretary of 
the Relief association, then read very 
entertainingly the salutatory of The 
Liberator published Jan. 1, 1831, after 
which Mrs. Gc^raldine L. Trotter, ex- 
president of the Relief association, in 
the absence of the president, Mrs. 
George Glover, was called upon. 

Mrs. Trotter said in part: 

I had wished for a pleasant day 
today. I wanted the sun to shine and 
the birds to sing or chirrup, as they 
do in the winter, but I think as God 
looked back over the years of Garri- 
son, He thought such a day as this 
would better stand for his life. We 
should be willing to do for Garrison 
the things he did for us. How many 
times he trudged through the cold, 
bleak and snow, and talked to a few 
people, and took the criticism of the 
many for our good. 

And so today I think he must be 
looking down on us here as we gather 
to do him honor, pleased with our ap- 
preciation of his life. I really, when 
I think it over, am glad that the day 
is not fine, because it will show how 
many of us really appreciate what he 
did for us. And what more fitting 
place could there be than this, in 
which to gather to do his memory hon- 
or. Here, after Garrison had spent his 
best years fighting for the freedom of 
the slaves, years other men would 
have used to accumulate wealth, when 
he was an old man, and his friends who 
appreciated what he had done had 
collected a large sum of money and 
presented it to him. buying this place. 



he came to live. This place stands for 
the sacrifice he made and in its pres- 
ent capacity stands for the secrifice 
made by others. 

It is now a haven for the sick, 
cared for by people who have given up 
much to be here. Here his wife, who 
had been his true helpmeet through 
all his trials, lived an "invalid until 
she passed on to the Higher Life." l 
believe in this very room his daughter 
was married. This home is a place of 
sacred memories, a hallowed spot, and 
I say, what better place could we be 
in today, where better could we honor 
this man's memory, or draw the les- 
son of what we should do? And I 
think that each one of us should 
pledge ourselves to make some sacri- 
fice, to do something for the good of 
others. Just as he sacrificed himself 
for us, we should make some sacriace 
ourselves in his honor. Today what 
do we honor about Garrison? Is it 
the material things? No. It is the 
moral stand he took, the fight he made 
for the down-trodden, the voice he 
raised for those who had no voice, the 
courage that stood for the right, 
though all the world were on the oth- 
er side. This man who was mobbed 
in the streets of Boston by respectable 
people — men with silk hats and frock 
coats, for us — how many of us are now 
willing to do for our own what that 
man did for us? How many of us are 
willing to stand out against the 
broadcloth mob. to stand bv what is 
right in suite of the criticism of the 
many? That is the great lesson we 
Colored people should learn, those of 
us who have had the advantages of ed- 
ucation, who have seen life in its 
broadest light, to be willing to sacri- 
fice and to care as much for our race 
as he did, to do for our down-trodden 
people all in our power, for those 
who are not able to stand up for 
themselves to stand up for them, to 
make their cause our cause, their 
sufferings our suffering, as Garrison 
said "I made the slaves case from the 
start and always my own. My wife 
and children were they made for the 
auction block? Never!" Let us 
do that, let us do as much as we 
can for the oppressed, and may no 
words of ours be words of con- 
demnation of our own. Let us act so 
that when we meet Garrison in the 
great beyond he will know we appre- 
ciated the sacrifice he made for us. 

In behalf of the Aid Sewing circle, a 




HELEN ELIZA GARRISON 
NOBLE WIFE OF THE GREAT ANTI-SLAVERY AGITATOR 



i6 



ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 



poem composed by Mr. Garrison him- 
self, entitled "The Sons of the Aboli- 
tionist," was read effectively by Miss 
Bessie Lee, daughter of Mrs. Robert 
Lee, treasurer of the sewins circle. 

Mrs. Arianna C Sparrow then gave 
lirief personal reminiscences of Mr. 
Garrison. She said she was perhaps 
the only one present who had come 
within the radiance of Mr. Garrison's 
personal influence. She was bro ight 
by her mother, who escaped from slav- 
ery, to Boston, and was met by thj la- 
mented Lewis Hayden, and taken to 
his house, which was a hot-bed of an- 
ti-slavery activity. Her mother and 
she were taken to the anti-slavery so- 
ciety's rooms, and there Mr. Garrison 
put his loving arms around her, and 
she remembered the sens^uion to this 
day, as one feels when singing the 
hymns of being in the arms of .Jesus. 

Mrs. Sparrow's remarks were very 
brief, she saying that all else she 
could add was to hope for the auspi- 
cious ending of an event so auspi- 



ciously begun, as she was too deeply 
stirred for speech. 

Rev. Wallace then closed, saying 
the occasion had been touching, and 
would not soon fade from memory. All 
who felt so inclined were invited by 
the ladies to leave a donation for the 
work, and then he pronounced the 
benediction, after which most of those 
present went out In the storm to take 
cars for the statue exercises. 

The officers of the Sewing circle are: 
Mrs. E. J. Benjamin, president; Mrs. 
Frank Turpin, vice-president; Mrs. 
Campbell, 2d vice-president; Mrs. Robt. 
Lee, treasurer; Mrs. O. Armstead, sec- 
retary; officers of Relief association, 
Mrs. George S. Glover, president ; Mrs. 
Adelaide S. Terry, vice-president; Mrs. 
W. O. Goodell. secretary; Miss Maude 
Trotter, assistant secretary; Mrs. 
George F. Grant, treasurer; commit- 
tee on session, Mrs. E. J. Benjamin, 
Mrs. Anthony Smith, Mrs. Lillian Car- 
roll. 



'^^i^m^^- 



At the Statue 



ON COMMONWEALTH AVENUE MALL 



The third session of the citizens' 
jelebration toolv i)lace at 2.30 at the 
statue of Garrison on Commonwealth 
ivenue, and the interest and devotion 
5hown by the school children and by 
:he old men was a most inspiring 
5ight. 

When the men and women who had 
;one to the grave reached Copley 
square, they found several hundred 
Sunday school children from the va- 
■ious Colored churches in Boston and 
Cambridge assembled in the corridors 
3f the Public Library, in charge of 
Mrs. Olivia Ward Bush. Conspicuous 
imong their teachers were Mr. Philip 
r. Allston and Mr. John W. Williams, 
superintendent at the Zion A. M. E. 
:;hurch. There also were many citi- 
!ens present. 

At 2.30 the company formed in line, 
;he procession being headed by the 
Boston brass band, Mr. Henry Dixon, 
eader, followed by the Robt. G. Shaw 
i^'eteran association and a few niem- 
)ers of the Peter Salem Garrison, 
Spanish War Veterans, and Robt. Bell 
)ost, G. A. R. Behind these came C. 
~i. Morgan, Rev. E. A. Horton, Capt. 
Charles L. Mitchell and Mr. J. N. But- 
er, members of the Boston Suffrage 
^^eague and Citizens' committees, then 
he Sunday school children, led by 
VIrs. Bush and attended by their 
;eachers, and then the citizens, men 
md women. As the ckimes of the 
Arlington Street church began to play 
;he tune of the "Battle Hymn of the 
Republic," the procession started out 
)f the Library and in the snow storm 
Droceeded to Commonwealth avenue. 
;he sidewalks having been cleared for 
;he occasion by the city employes. As 
;he line turned into the boulevard it 
(vas met with a blast of wind and sleet 
:hat nearly took the children and wo- 
nen off their feet. The slush was 
mkle deep and the wind biting cold. 
But, undaunted, the line moved across 
;he street into the mall and up to the 



statue and encircled it. As they 
reached the statue the children sang 
two verses of the "Battle Hymn of the 
Republic," the band playing the tune, 
the chimes pealing it forth and Mr. 
Geo. Shari)er playing on the cornet. 
The children read the verses from 
souvenir cards, on one side of which 
was the cut of the statue and on the 
other a cut of Mr. Garrison. 

At the statue the procession met the 
venerable John W. Hutchinson, the 
famous singer in the anti-slavery days. 

The exercises were opened by C. G. 
Morgan, Esq., as vice-president of the 
Boston Suffrage League. This exer- 
cise was, indeed, the most heroic of 
them all. Speaking in a voice of won- 
derful strength and richness, he said: 

The day is very inclement, so we 
shall remain at the statue but a very 
few moments. I desire on behalf of 
the citizens of Boston to say that we 
have come here today to pay honor 
to the greatest moral hero that Amer- 
ica ever produced. And we believe 
the greatst moral hero the world ever 
saw, but one, and that exception the 
great Master of Men. William Lloyd 
Garrison was undoubtedly the central 
figure in that great struggle for human 
lil)erty. for which the 19th century un- 
doubtedly stands. We have come to- 
day to place on this monument erect- 
ed in his honor by citizens of this his- 
toric city a very small indication of 
the love and affection which we bear 
him. and that indication is only a sym- 
bol of that chaplet which our hearts 
will always w^reathe and keep eter- 
nally green. 

It gives me great pleasure to intro- 
duce to you here today as the friend 
who will place it upon this memorial 
monument one of the friends who 
went to the front from Massachu- 
setts, one of the heroes of the big 
contest, our esteemed friend, Capt. 
Charles L. Mitchell. 

Capt. Mitchell, assisted by Mr. Nath- 
aniel Butler, who worked in the of- 




GARRISON STATUE ON CO M M O N WEALl H AVENUE MALL, BOSTON 



J!l 



()| 



Wl M.I \M I 1 < >\ 1) (i XRklSON 



'9 



fice of the "Liberator." |)lacetl Hi.- 
wreath on the statue. It was a ,t;ran(l 
sight to see these two venerabli' Col- 
ored friends and former enii)loyes of 
the great abolitionist hobble "up to 
the statue and place the wreath at Its 
base. 

The wreath was donaled hv Mr. 
Benjamin F. Washington, the florist 
of Stoughton, Mass. It was made up 
by his daughter, Miss Addie H. Wash- 
ington. 

The Rev. E. A. Horton, chaplain of 
the state senate, then offered a won- 
derful prayer. He said: "Almighty 
God, thou hast given us this beloved 
land that we may have happy homes 
and artful pursuits, but we thank 
TTiee most of all that Thou hast given 
us illustrious, ardent souls that 
inspired the minds and thrilled the 
hearts of the freemen and freewomen 
of this Republic. And here today, with 
love, with an esteem that can- 
not be measured by words, 
we place this chaplet. This is 
not the first time, gracious Guardian 
of the race, that these people 
have had overcast skies and trou- 
blous times around them, and this 
is not the first time that they 
have come through victorious to 
sing their psalms of thanksgiving. 
And Our Father, may these peo- 
ple, our brethren, as they celebrate 
these two days, the memory of this 
great man, so teach all citizens that 
forever and foremost in this land are 
liberty and justice and brotherhood, 
and may the exercises here brightly 
close, as it were, and bring the sun- 
shine of happiness and encoura.gement 
to every one of them and to every 
one of us. Gracious God, we do not 
forget, though busy and prosperous in 
the present hour, what Thou hast 
done for us in the past, what has been 
done for us by those who in that day 



and gcn<'i;iii()ii were biifffticil and 
scorned and were so cruelly misunder- 
stood. Our Iji'avenly Kallier. hear our 
prayer. Hh-ss tlicsf children, (bat 
they may grow up Into true manhond 
and true womanhood, and all 
nHtlonalltit'K, all fnlths. and all pcopb-H 
nuiy live togfthcr bnwath th«' Hag 
that means equality before the law. 
This prayer we ask for thosf gathered 
here and for the millions throughout 
the Republic who arc tliinkiug of uh 
at this hour. And this we ask as disci- 
I)les of the Christ and as children of 
the Father. Amen." 

Then Mr. Hutchinson, standing lu 
that howling gale, took his position 
on the pedestal of the statue of his 
former friend and co-laborer and ex- 
I)lained and sang in strong, melodious 
tones the old-fashioned anti-slavery 
songs, his long, white beard swaying 
in the wind. 

At the close the line started for a 
short distance and then broke ranks, 
many going to the Smith Court syna- 
gogue exercises. Mr. Mitchell and 
:\Ir. Butler were taken there in a car- 
ria.ge. 

Two carriages containing members 
of the Garrison family, drove up to 
the statue while the exercises were in 
progress. 

The officers and members of the 
Boston Brass band, who rendered 
such fine service, marching through 
the storm to the statue are Mr. Henry 
Dixon, leader; Mr. James F. Ander- 
son, manager; Mr. T. Singleton, sec- 
retary; Mr. J. J. Dixon, treasurer; 
Mr. C. Sullivan, librarian; Mr. Geo. 
.lordan, president; Anderson, Sulli- 
van, Mack, Crawder. Leaney, Graves, 
Wilder, .T. W. .Johnson, Colbert. J. 
.Johnson. .J. Moore, Gillespie, Connell 
Riley. Stewart. Fynes, Hodges, Scott, 
.Jordan, Walker. Salter. Carter, Single- 
ton, J. Dixon Lambert. 





OLD JOY STREET AFRICAN BAPTIST CHURCH. SMITH COURT, BOSTON 
WHERE GARRISON BEGAN ORGANIZED OPPOSITION TO SLAVERY 



^t the '' Ann = Slavery Fortress" 

OLD JOY STREET AFRICAN BAPTIST CHURCH 



Now Syi\agogiie Libavitz 



The fourth session of the Citi 
zens' celebration began soon after 3 
o'clock, time being conceded to 
allow those who had faced the storm 
of sleet on the Commonwealth aveiuit 
boulevard, to reach the building, the 
Synagotiue of the Congregation Liba- 
vitz, formerly the Joy street African 
Baptist church in Smith court, a sa- 
cred spot in the anti-slavery history 
of Boston. The session was in charge 
of the Boston Literary and Historical 
Association and the St. Mark Musical 
and Literary Union, Boston's leading 
literary societies. 

The auditorium of the old churcdi 
where Mr. Garrison founded the New- 
England Anti-Slavery society in 1832, 
and where many stirring events ir> 
those days took place, and the gal- 
leries were filled to overflowing. Every 
available seat was taken and people 
standing reached out in the corridors 
In fact as many as it was deemed saft 
for the building's strength were crowd- 
ed into it. There was some effort 
necessary at first to make the men un- 
derstand that they should keep thei; 
heads covered in accord with the cus- 
tom of the Jews in their synagogues. 
Seated on the small altar platform 
were: Mr. Francis J. Garris-on, son 
of the Abolitionist, and member of the 
great publishing house of Houghton, 
Mifflin & Company, and Butler R. Wil- 
son, Esq., president of the Boston Lit- 
erary Association. On the first step 
Miss Maude A. Trotter, president of 
the iSt. Mark Union, was seated and 
below and in front of the altar sat 
Missee Lillian Chapelle and Bessie V. 
Trotter, secretaries of the St. Marks 
and of the Boston Literary respective- 
ly and the speakers. 

Very attractive souvenir programs 
of this session were distributed as were 
the souvenir programs of the whole 
Citizens' two days' ceremonies. 

The ushers at this session from 



the hosioii iJlerary and SI. Mark 
I'liion were Misses Bessie Lee, F'carl 
Scottron, Theresa and Leibi Stubbs, 
Maggie Walker and Kathryn Wright. 

In opening Mr. Wilson said in [lart: 

The ol).iect of our meeting today is 
Lo ol)serve the 100th anniversary of 
the birth of William Ivloyd (Jarrison. 
Of the value of his work and labor for 
liberty and humanity we are not yet 
l)erhai)S able to speak with calm, dis- 
l)assionate judgment. Our love and 
affection for him are still too warm 
and deep to allow us to make a fidl 
comprehensive analysis. The sigh in 
the soul and the throb in the heart 
are still ours. We cannot forget that 
on our account no American was ever 
so bitterly criticised and reviled. For 
us he lived in the white lisht of a 
cruel i)ublic criticism for a half cen- 
tury. For us he went to jail. He 
faced mobs around him; senators and 
members of congress could be bought; 
])ress and pulpit could be throttled; 
public opinion could be intimidated: 
the conscience of a sreat peoiile that 
would flame at the theft of a dollar 
could be lulled into indifference at 
the theft of men and women. But 
this man of simple manners, of plain 
speech, of sweet temper, of modest, 
jetiring disposition, took a stand for 
righteousness and justice, and though 
the storms of opposition cavorted all 
lound about him. he stood there until 
the storms had passed away and the 
sunshine shone again. For us stand- 
ing immovable, because for us he 
stood for the right. 

I like best to think of Mr. Garri- 
son's simple manners, the sim|)licity 
of his home life. It seems to nu^ that 
in all the matter that we have con- 
cerning him there is this one great 
tribute to be gathered, neither friend 
nor foe ever attacked the sweet, 
white, clean personal living that was 
his always. 



ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 



Then Miss Emily Hallowell, of the 
well known abolitionist family, and 
Mrs. Mattie A. McAdoo sang- two duets 
most charmingly, plantation jubilee 
songs, "Nobody Knows de Trouble I 
See," and "Is Massa Gwine to Sell 
Me." 

After the singing Mr. Wilson in- 
troduced Mr. Frank J. Garrison, son 
of the Abolitionist, who he said had 
only come at the committee's most ur- 
gent request. 

Ml". Garrison said in jjart: 

When I was told that a meeting was 
to be held in the Joy Street church, 
and was urged to address it, I could 
not refuse the request, for if there is 
a spot in all this wide country where 
it is fitting that this day should be 
commemorated, it is in this old church 
in which my father began his organ- 
ized opposition to slavery, and struck 
the keynote for the multitude of anti- 
slavery societies which sprang up over 
the north as the consequence of the 
one founded here on the 6th of Jan- 
uary, 1832. 

No man made self of less considera 
tion and to none was incense-burning 
more distasteful (than my father). 

If he could speak today, therefore, 
he would jiray to be spared eulogy, 
and esi)ecially if offered by men who 
are indifferent or recreant to the prin- 
ciples of the Declaration of Independ- 
ence and the Golden Rule, on which 
he based his warfare. For his advo 
cacy of liberty and justice had noth- 
ing to do Avith the complexion, sex 
or nationality of those for whom he 
pleaded — these simply marked the vic- 
tims of oppression. Human rights 
are the same everywhere, and in de- 
claring the world to De nis country 
and all mankind his countrymen, he 
claimed the right to vindicate them, 
regardless of geographical boundaries 
and human enactments. 

But there can be no question as to 
the sincerity of the tributes of grati- 
tude that will be paid to William 
Lloyd Garrison today by the race 
whom he helped to liberate from bond- 
age, and it is most api)ropriate that 
members of it should hold a service 
in this building, where the first so- 
ciety in America to demand the im- 
mediate and unconditional abolition of 
slavery was formed. Mr. Garrison said 
his father had no sentiment for build- 
ings. But if virtue and piety are 
taught by those old landmarks, then 



surely the emancipated race in this 
country may well regard this building 
in which we are assembled as the Ark 
of their Covenant. 

I do not recall anything in my fa- 
ther's career that illustrates more 
strikingly his sure instinct, his in- 
domitable courage, his unwavering 
confidence in the power of truth over 
all obstacles, than the stand he took 
that stormy winter evening in the lit- 
tle schoolroom downstairs. 

Towards the close of the year (ISIJl) 
he took steps for the formation of a 
society to extend the agitation which 
he had begun single-handed, and, af- 
ter three preliminary meetings, fifteen 
persons gathered here in this building 
on the evening of January (!, 1832, to 
complete the organization. When the 
preamble of the Constitution came up 
for discussion, my father found that 
three of his warmest supporters and 
closest friends were unprepared to 
subscribe their names to the demand 
for immediate emancipation. They 
believed in the doctrine. Two of them 
— the only two with pecuniary re- 
sources — had helped tide the "Liber- 
ator" over the financial shoals of its 
first year, and they were the only 
members of the gathering who could 
have been said to have what is called 
social standing in the community. "It 
is a mistake," they pleaded, "in try- 
ing to form a society and gain ad- 
herents, to demand immediate eman- 
cipation, for it will repel many good 
men who would otherwise join us. Say 
gradual emancipation, and many will 
come to us." "Undoubtedly," replied 
my father, "but they will not be worth 
a straw. We must plant ourselves 
on the bed-rock of immediatism. If 
human beings can be justly held in 
bondage a single houi', they can be 
held for days and weeks and years, 
and so on indefinitely, from genera- 
tion to generation. The question of 
ex|)ediency has nothing to do with the 
question of right, and it is not for 
those who tyrannize to say when they 
may safely break the chains of their 
subjects. As well may a thief deter- 
mine on what particular day or month 
he shall leave off stealing, with safe- 
ty to his own interest. Come, let us 
proceed. We have twelve, the apos- 
tolic number, to begin with, even if 
you cannot join us." And so, undis- 
heartened by this withholding of his 
weightiest associates — Samuel E. Sew- 
all, Ellis Gray Loring and David Lee 
Child — he went ahead, and twelve 



Ill 



< »!■ W I 1.1,1 \ \1 l.l.( )N I) (iAKRISON 



23 



men, of wiioiu not, more tli;in one or 
two could have put a hundred dol- 
lars into the treasury without hank- 
ruptini? themselves, formed the New 
England Anti-Slavery society. (Ap- 
plause.) Five of these were Mr. Gar- 
rison, his faithful i)artner, Isaac 
Knapp, Oliver Johnson, afterwards 
editor of the Anti-Slavery Standard. 
Arnold Buffum, a Quaker hatter, and 
Joshua CofRn, who had been school- 
master to the poet Whittier. The oth- 
er seven names you will not recoK 
nize, but I will read them in comple- 
tion of this roll of honor: Robert B. 
Hall, William J. Snelliui;-, John E. Ful- 
ler, Moses Thacher, Stillman R. New- 
comb, Benjamin C. Bacon, Henry K. 
Stockton. 

"A fierce northeast storm, combin- 
ing snow, rain and hail, was raging 
that night," wrote Oliver Johnson, 
"and the streets were full of slush." 
They were very dark, too, for the city 
of Boston in those days was very eco- 
nomical of light on this side of Bea- 
con Hill. It almost seemed as if na- 
ture were frowning upon the effort to 
abolisli slavery, but as the little com- 
pany that formed the new society 
were stepping out into tlie storm and 
darkness from the African school- 
house, Mr. Garrison impressively re- 
marked: "We have met tonight in 
this obscure schoolhouse; our mem- 
bers are few and our influence limit- 
ed; but, mark my prediction, Faneuil 
Hall shall ere long echo with the prin- 
ciples we have set forth. We shall 
shake the nation by their mighty pow- 
er." 

The roll of members which I hold 
in my hand, and which increased in 
numbers to seventy-two during the 
next two years, contains the names 
of many well-known Colored men of 
that day. I know not how many of 
them will be recognized by members 
of this audience, but some of them 
were household names in my boyhood, 
and I know in what warm esteem my 
father held John T. Hilton, the bar- 
ber in Howard street, CofRn Pitts, the 
clothes dealer in Brattle street, James 
C. Barbadoes, Philip A. Bell, and John 
P. Pero, another barber. There were 
at least five barbers on the roll, and 
undoubtedly they imjiroved their ex- 
ceptional opportunities for debate and 
discussion while shaving and trim- 
ming their customers! Then there 
was John E. Scarlett, a chimney- 
sweep, and one of the little band of 
Colored men who constituted them- 



selves a body-guard to my father, and 
soiuelinies followed iiini on his l)elale(i 
and lonely iiiidnighl walks ovt-r Bos- 
Ion Neck l(j his Roxbury lioine, In the 
fall and wlnicr of is;! I, to mianl him 
Jigainsi assaull. There was Jot-l VV. 
Lewis, a idacksmilh, Rf>hertK, a Ktev('- 
dnre, Hannlhal Lewis, a shoenuiker, 
and Solomon R. Alexander, a shoe- 
maker and carpenter in one. Other 
l)arl)ers were Thomas Cole. .John R. 
Cutler, and .lames Rarr, and there 
were two wallers, TlK)mas Rrowii atid 
Thomas Dallon. And. finally, lliere 
was Thomas P;iul. the Negro appren- 
tice boy who was the "only visible 
auxiliary" of my lather when Mayor 
Otis' ])olice officers entered the attic 
printing otHce of the "Libeiator" on 
a detective liuni to oblige a southern 
senator. 

Not many great or many mighty 
were called to the work at the outset, 
but, as has so often been the case in 
history, this far-reaching movement 
was begun by obscure and humble 
men. Behold what si)rang from the 
seed planted here that winter nlghtl 
Two years later the American Anti- 
Slavery society was formed in Phila- 
delphia, and less than four years after 
that, in 1837, Ellis Gray Loring could 
write, "Our cause has advanced until 
it numbers 800 societies. An anti- 
slavery society has been formed in the 
United States every day for the last 
two years. There are 300 societies 
in the single state of Ohio, one of 
which numbers 4000 members." 

I shall not detain you with any ac- 
count of the white members of the 
New England society, save to note 
that one of them, Moses Kimball, lived 
to present, nearly fifty years later, the 
bronze Emancipation group in Park 
square to the city of Boston. 

The confidence and loyal support of 
the Colored people in Boston and oth- 
er northern cities, poor and humble 
as they were, was a tower of strength 
to my father, as he was a pillar of 
light to them. He was not only the 
first to make a common rally in the 
slave's behalf under the banner of 
immediate and unconditional emanci- 
pation. He was the first to address 
on terms of equal brotherhood Uvi 
class next above the slaves in public 
contemjit and legal disability — the 
free blacks, and this was actually 
made a reproach by one of the most 
eminent Christian divines of the day! 
In the second number of the "Libera- 



24 



ONE HL^NDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 



tor" he courageously urged the re- 
peal of the laws lorlDidding marriage 
between a white person and a Negro, 
Indian or mulatto, and in the address 
which he delivered to the Colored peo- 
ple of Boston and other cities in 
June, 1831, he said: 

"I never rise to address a Colored 
audience without feeling ashamed of 
my own color ; ashamed of being iden- 
tified with a race of men who have 
done you so much injustice, and who 
yet retain so large a portion of your 
brethren in servile chains. To make 
atonement, in part, for this conduct, I 
have solemnly dedicated my health 
and strength, and life, to your ser 
vice. I love to plan and to work for 
your social, intellectual, political and 
spiritual advancement. My happiness 
is augmented with yours: in your suf- 
ferings I jiarticipate. 

"Hencefoifh 1 am ready on all days, 
on all convenient occasions, in all 
suitable places, before any sect or 
party, at whatever i)erils to my per- 
son, character, or interest, to plead 
the cause of my Colored countrymen 
in particular, and of human rights in 
general. For this purpose, there is no 
day too holy, no i)lace im|)roper, no 
body of men too inconsiderable to ad- 
dress. For this purjjose I ask no 
church to grant me authority to speak 
— I require no ordination — I am not 
careful to consult Martin Luther, or 
John Calvin, or His Holiness the 
Pope. It is a duty which, as a lover 
of justice, I am boind to execute; as 
a lover of my fellow-men, I ought not 
to shun; as a lover of Jesus Christ, 
and of his equalizing, republican and 
benevolent precepts, I rejoice to 
meet." 

Following this he gave them, with- 
out condescension and in a brotherly 
spirit, much excellent advice and sug- 
gestion as to how they might improve 
their own condition and promote the 
education o^ their children. I know 
nothing more touching than their re- 
sponse, or more truly prophetic, "Your 
remarks," they wrote, "were full of 
virtue and consolation, perfect in ex- 
planation, and furnished a rule to live 
by and die by. We feel fully persuad- 
ed that the day cannot be far distant 
when you will be acknowledged by 
the very lips of those who now de- 
nounce, revile and persecute you as 
the vilest and basest of men, the up- 
rooter of all order, the destroyer of 
our country's peace, prosperity and 
happiness — to be its firm reliance, its 



deliverer, the very pillar of its fu- 
ture grandeur." 

He often said that the highest com- 
pliment ever paid him, the only one 
he cared to remember, was when Sir 
Thomas Fowell Buxton of England 
invited a large company "to meet Mr. 
Garrison, the black advocate of eman- 
cipation from the United States." 
(Laughter). Never was there a more 
astonished host when the guest pre- 
sented himself. 

"Yes; God is my witness!" he said 
to the freedmen of Charleslown, South 
Carolina, on that April day in 1865, 
when, as the guest of the Uniteo 
States Government, he visited the old 
slave city and received the blessings 
of the emancii)ated. "I have faith- 
fully tried in the face of the fiercest 
opposition and under the most de- 
I)ressing circumstances, to make your 
cause my cause, my wife and chil- 
dren your wives and children, sub- 
jected to the same outrage and deg- 
redation, myself on the same auclion 
block to be sold to the highest bid- 
der." 

History, as Colonel Higginson has 
remarked, is apt to preserve but two 
or three names in connection with any 
great movement, and, in the lengthen- 
ing pers])ective of time, it may be, as 
he has suggested, that Garrison, Phil- 
lips and John Brown will be the names 
chiefly associated with the anti-slav- 
ery movement in the United States. 
But as my father was ever ea.ger to 
recognize the services of his fellow- 
workers, and to transfer to them the 
laurels bestowed ujwn himself, so to- 
day he would insist on sharing with 
them the honors paid to his memory, 
and would refuse to be singled out 
save as their representative." Mr. 
Garrison quoted from his father to 
show this to be true. 

For myself, I can never think of 
my father without seeing him sur- 
rounded by that noble band of men 
and women who early rallied to his 
support, who stood by him through 
good and evil repute, and without 
whose potent aid he could never have 
maintained his crusade. Mr. Garrison 
then enumerated and paid a tribute 
to many of them. 

He said he would not exaggerate the 
perils and sufferings of the condemn- 
ed and unnopular abolitionists, there 
were benefits as well as hardships. 

"When my father passed away, the 
reactionary movement against the ex- 
ercise of the elective franchise by the 



]^IRriI ()!• Wll.l.lAM l.I.oN 1) CAkl^lSON 



-5 



southern t'reednu'u had already set in, 
and his last published utterance was 
a protest against the proscription 
which had driven hundreds of tlu'in 
I'roni .Alississippi and Louisiana to Kan- 
sas. Since then the fraudulent tissue 
ballots have been succeeded by no less 
fraudulent enactments which have 
practically disfranchised the Colored 
population of the south, and if he 
were to return today he would lind 
rot only the fifteenth amendmenl lo 
the constitution nullified, but the 
thirteenth amendment, which abolish- 
ed slavery, defied by the wretches 
who attempted a system of ijeonage 
He would find Negroes excluded from 
juries, from all town, city and state 
governing bodies, denied legal inter- 
marriage with whites, restricted to 
Negro galleries in the theatres and 
Negro cars on the trains, subjected 
to excessive penalties for violations 
of law, and in many ways still vic- 
tims of that cruel and unrelenting 
race prejudice which he assailed from 
the outset of his warfare seventy- 
five years ago. He would find women 
denied their full political rights in all 
but four states of the Union, and the 
Chinese, whose claim to equal treat- 
ment with all other immigrants to 
our shores be vindicated with his lat- 
est breath, still excluded as outcasts. 
He would view with amazement the 
spectacle of the United States seizing 
distant islands, slaughtering their peo- 
l)le by tens of thousands, and es- 
tablishing colonial government "with- 
out the consent of the governed." He 
would be saddened by the mad in- 
crease of naval armaments, and the 
increasing disposition to interfere in, 
and arbitrarily regulate, the affairs of 
feebler countries. He would depkn-e 
the lowering of civic ideals, the 
growth of the commercial spirit, which 
have resulted In the widespread busi- 
ness and political corruption now be- 
ing uncovered In otir country. But 
would be disheartened or hopless as 
to the future? Assuredly not! 

Whoever follows the record of his 
life will find that throughout his long 
thirty years' warfare, his courage and 
hopefulness, his faith in God. his cer- 
tainty of the triumph of right, were 
never greater than when the outlook 
seemed" darkest to others. So, to- 
day, he would pronounce the progress 
made by the Colored population of the 
south since emancipation a marvel- 
lous record for forty years. He would 



ixuli in those beacon lights at Hanij)- 
ton. Tuskegoe, Atlanta. Kisk. Calhoun 
and elsewhere in the .south, and in 
the steadily increasing number of 
able and (rained leaders of the race, 
anil would w(dconic with tlianUful 
heart those scholarly and etdlKhtened 
white nu'U of soullicrn liirili who are 
more and more finding voice and 
courage to denuind fair play and 
<>qual opp(jrt unity for all. Knowinf? 
that, under onr political system, the 
only hope of correcting existing 
abuses, lies in the education, moral 
training and material progress of the 
ignorant and degraded masses, on the 
one hand, and the clKing<'d hearts of 
the white leaders of the .south, on 
the other, he would find infinite en- 
couragement alike in such object lea- 
sons as that wonderful pr(x;ession, 
marshalled by Booker Washington, 
which passed before the president at 
Tuskegee the other day, and in the 
triumph of freedom of speech and op- 
inion won by the white faculty — all 
native southerners — of Trinity college, 
North Carolina, a few months ago. 

I trust that the celebration of this 
centennial anniversary will result not 
merely in centering attention for » 
moment on the man who was the 
leadtr of the anti-slavery agitation, 
but that they will turn many to a 
careful study of one of the noblest, 
as it was one of the most unselfish 
and far-reaching, movements of any 
time or land. 

In conclusion, let me say how 
gratefully the children and grandchil- 
dren of William Lloyd Garrison appre- 
ciate the honors that are bein:r paid 
to his memory today. In their behalf 
I wish to thank all who have labored 
to nuike the occasion significant and a 
fresh insniration to work for the 
emancii)ation of the human race from 
every form of injustice and oppres- 
sion. 

Next came two more jubilee songs by 
Mrs. McAdoo, "rm Rolling Through 
an Unfriendly World." and "I Done, 
Done What You Told Me To Do." 

Mr. Wilson, in introducing the next 
speaker, narrated a thrilling experi- 
ence of a mother and her little girl, 
who were over two years in escaping 
from slavery, finally being smuggled 
to Boston on board ship, where they 
were met by Lewis Hayden. This lit- 
tle woman was the character Eliza in 



26 



ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 



Uncle Tom's Cabin. The little girl, he 
said, is now Mrs. Arianna Sparrow. 
She was applauded as she came for- 
ward to speak. Her mother was the 
late Mrs. Cooley. 

Mrs. Sparrow said: My mother 
was always asking me, "Don't you 
want to go to Boston? don't you want 
to be a nice lady? Don't you want to 
be free?" I used to say "I don't want 
to go away from my playmates; I 
want to stay with them." After a while 
she persuaded me to go, and I remem- 
ber she made an effort. One even- 
ing we started in and I think we must 
have walked five miles to Norfolk, Va., 
where a captain was to meet about 20 
people and bring them here. After 
this long walk we were disappointed; 
the man who was to meet us was not 
there, and we had to go back again 
into the city. Well, two or three years 
afterward she started again. She 
would keep saying to me over and over 
again, "you're going to be free, re- 
member, you're going to be free." I 
suppose she wanted to make me feel 
satisfied with whatever inconvenience 
she put me to for the sake of my free- 
dom. So finally, as Mr. Wilson says, 
we came to Boston after a sail of a 
week. Then Mr. Hayden met us at the 
dock. I always loved Mr. Hayden. 
He took me right up in his arms and 
never let me out of them until we 
landed in his doorway. I think it was 
a rule for every escaped slave to re- 
port at the anti-slavery office. In time 
we were taken down there and there I 
saw a great many gentlemen busy. 
They crowded around us, as my moth- 
er told her story. There was one, 
however, who didn't seem to take 
much notice. I afterward learned that 
that was Mr. Garrison. Finally when 
his attention wa.s called to us he held 
out his hand to me and said, "Come 
here, little girl." He put his arms 
around me and patted me on the head, 
and asked me what I was going to do 
now I was in Boston. "Are you going to 
school?" I spoke right up and said 
"Yes." Then he told me he hoped I 
would grow up to be a grand good 
woman. "Your mother," he said, "has 
done an honorable thing for you." Af- 
terwards I used to follow up the anti- 
slavery meetings. My mother later 
on became so sensitive that she could 
not go herself. She lost a very dear 
brother and sister, they being sold 
away through slavery, and she never 



saw them again and we have never 
heard of them since, and she never 
got over the shock of losing them. So 
I used to go to the meetings and bring 
reports of the meetings home. Of 
course I cannot say so very much of 
what Mr. Garrison said, except that I 
knew we had to sit a long time to lis- 
ten when he got upon the platform to 
talk. I know it was always very sol- 
emn; there was never anything to 
laugh at in his speeches. He used to 
impress us with the direful wrong of 
slavery, and I used to dread when he 
got up, for I knew it was a long time 
we had to sit there. I do not know 
that I ever missed going to the meet- 
ings. When I saw Mr. Garrison on the 
street I always used to bow to him. Of 
course I don't think he remembered 
me, but he used to bow to me and 
pass on. I was a member of the anti- 
slavery society. 

I used to stay away from school to 
attend the meetings. I asked my moth- 
er for a dollar and I joined the sotie- 
ty. I think that dollar did for all my 
life as long as I was a member of the 
society. (Laughter.) I used to get 
away from school to attend the meet- 
ings. Going to the teacher I would ask 
to be excused, and she would ask me 
what for, and I would say, "Why the 
anti-slavery society meets this af- 
ternoon." "Well," she would say, 
"what of that; what have you got to 
do with it?" "Why," I would say. 
"I've got to be there. I've got to go 
with my mother.' I think I saw Mr. 
Garrison on the night of the Emanci- 
pation Proclamation. We were all in 
Tremont Temple. He was a very sol- 
emn person. 

Miss Alia W. Foster, the daugh- 
ter of Abby Kelly and Stephen 
Foster, was introduced as a school 
teacher in Boston and an inti 
mate friend of Mr. Garrison and 
his family. She said in opening that 
she came primarily to try to make the 
audience realize that such a man as 
Mr. Garrison really did live. She said 
her tribute was that of his wonderful 
private home life, as she as a child 
was often in the Garrison home. They 
lived in a house in Dix place, in a lit- 
tle house, but yet it was the biggest 
house she ever saw, especially when 
there was a convention in town. The 
children seemed to disappear when the 
anti-slavery conventions adjourned to 
Mr. Garrison's house. She said the 



JilRTlI ()!• WILLIAM LL()\|i (;\kk|s()\ 



27 



Garrisons wero poor like all the aljo- 
litionists, and turniug to Mr. Garrisu/i 
on the platform she said, "Weren't 
we poor, Mr. Garrison." (I.auKhtrr ) 
She said she wondered how the family 
got enough to eit, but Mrs. Garri-ioii 
was a great provider, and could make 
her market basket of food go a loiig 
ways. Yet the spiritual hospitality of 
the family was the chief attraction in 
their home. The talk was all of t!it> 
abolition movement, what this mol) 
had done, and that convention would 
do 

Mrs. Garrison was as great as Mr. 
Garrison, said the speaker, and with- 
out her, Mr. Garrison could never have 
done w'hat he did. She closed with a 
tribute to the Abolitionist for his per- 
sonal aid to her mother as a woman 
rights woman and for his work in that 
cause for all women. 

Mr. John J. Smith, a man 85 year.-; 
of age, ascended the altar amid ap- 
plause and spoke briefly, saying: 

Mr. Chairman — I cannot express my 
feelings. This place here is sacred. It 
is the only place in early life where 
Mr. Garrison could stand and ttiat 
they could not break up the meetings 
and he could speak to the people. No 
mob ever entered into this place to 
take him out or to stop him from 
speaking. I became acquainted with 
Mr. Garrison in the latter part of 1841*. 
I desired to be introduced to Mr. Gar- 
rison. Coming from the south and be- 
ing a barber I had heard Mr. Garrison 
spoken of in the barber shop, and 
abused, etc., and I wanted to see this 
wonderful man that there was so 
much talk about. Well, I had been 
born a freeman, and as Mrs. SparroA' 
said, free people did not associate with 
slaves. They thought themsehes 
above them. The white people had put 
that barrier between them. Well, we 
went over to the anti-slavery office. 
Mr. Garrison had in his hand a "stick" 
with type in it, and he said to me, 
"Take a seat." About the third ques- 
tion asked me was, "Was I a slave?" 
"No," I replied, pretty promptly, "bit 
I have seen slavery in all its forms.' 
I went to work and commenced tellinj; 
him of all the horrors of slavery that 
I had seen. When I said, "Well, there 
are some good slaveholders." "No, 
sir," he said, "there is not one good 
one: not one of them." Then he be- 
gan asking me questions. Would I 
think a man was good if he sold my 



father and nioihcr and they went 
one way and I went another; would I 
call hiui a good man? Of conr.s*' I 
had to say, no sir. I was convicted at 
the start. 1 came out of that olllce a 
wiser man. I coninn-nccd roliowinn 
th(> l.ilicrator. All Mr. Garrison's fol- 
lowiMs W(>r(' true; they would stand by 
him and would sacridce tliejr (nvii 
lives at any time for .Mr. Garrison. I 
will tell you what I think of Mr. Gar- 
rison, and I have been trying to llnd 
some one that I can put alongside of 
him. I think Mr. Garri.son was the 
greatest man tliat this country ever 
produced. Why, show me the man 
that ever accomplished as much as 
William Lloyd Garrison did in forty 
years? I know of no one greater. And 
he built his foundation on that dec- 
laration "immediate and uncondition- 
al emancipation," and he stood on that 
foundation until the work was accom- 
plished. Moses comes nearest to him. 
Who else? None other. Mr. Garri- 
son lived to see the whole country 
free. He did a great work for the Ne- 
gro of this country when he washed 
that foul stain from the good name of 
Christian .\merica. American slavery, 
when he wiped that out, I say, he did 
a great work for tliis nation and for 
this people. I tell you, my friends, I 
feel proud to think that I am living 
today to hear from the son of the 
noblest man that this country has 
ever produced, to hear from him of the 
w^ork of a noble ancestor. 

At the close of Mr. Smith's eloquent 
tribute, which evoked much applause, 
Mr. Garrison pointed to the banner in 
the rear and said the motto ; hereon, 
"Our trust for victory is solely in 
God. We may be defeated but our 
principles never," was incorrect in that 
the word personally was left out be- 
fore the word defeated. The banner 
was one that used to hang in the anti- 
slavery fairs and festivals, and the 
words were from the declaration ot 
sentiment written by Mr. Garrison and 
signed at Philadelphia in the formation 
of the American Anti-Slavery Associa- 
tion, December, 1833. 

He also spoke of the bust of his 
father, which Mr. Thomas P. Taylor 
had kindly loaned, saying it was from 
the last portrait made of his father 
and his children think it the very best 
ever made of him. It was juude by 
Miss Anne Whitney, and gave his 
father great pleasure that a woman did 
the work. 



28 



ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 



After two more jubilee songs by the 
same two singers, "I'm Gwiue to 
Sing," and '"My Way's Cloudy," Mrs. 
C. G. Morgan was introduced. 

Mrs. Morgan read a beau- 
tiful tribute to Mr. Garrison's wife, 
after eulogizing Mr. Garrison as one 
of such largeness of soul that it makes 
one feel the story of his life is in- 
complete without the mention of that 
gentle spirit whose soul also cast in 
an heroic mould was conspici ous 
among the noble women of her day in 
the great cause for which her husband 
labored f?o assiduously." 

She said f.irther in part: 

This occasion is especially to honor 
the Titanic leader of that movement 
who was f oread to say of himself: 
"It is my lot to be branded through 
this country as an a-^itator, a fanatic, 
an incendiary and a madman. There 
is one epithet, I fervently thank God 
that has never been applied to me, I 
have never been stigmatized as a 
slaveholder, or as an apologist of 
slavery." 

We do not hesitate to say that the 
bigotry of William Llovd Garrison 
lay in his righteous pertinacity of 
aim and purpose, his fanaticism in 
holding the abhorrent sin of slavery 
before the public eye in season and 
out of season— his madness in the 
steadfast resolution to stand — if he 
stood alone — against the sin of the 
slave system, and if agitator he must 
be called it was becaiise he cried 
out for the only peace that could en- 
dure, and the only ouiet that could 
be permanent — that built upon the 
recoenition of the brotherhood of man, 
as an incendiary he burnt only the 
dross, and his infidelity was a devout 
constancy to truth. 

And it is a cheering sight to see 
this strong man at the world's 
convention in 184(t absolutely refuse 
to take his seat on the floor of the 
convention or lend his voice in the 
proceedings because his co-delegates, 
the women, were refused admission. 

Hel^n Eliza Benson, the wife, was 
born in Providence, lived in youth in 
Brooklyn, Conn., and had nol)le pat- 
ents, her father being an abolutionist 
She was comely, thoughtful, courteout 
and kind, and Garrison fell in love 
with her at first sight. The mar- 
riage of these two, ever faith- 
ful and loyal to each other, was 
consummated in the fall of 1834. in 
the midst of a period when the Liber- 



ator, thrcnigh its forceful messages of 
truth and freedom, was already reap- 
ing a harvest of abuse, threatened 
violence, and even assassination from 
the South, and both derision and 
obloquy from the well-d'ressed but 
ill-bred in the North. Leaving a 
home of safety and coming to one 
wherein she and her husband dwelt 
almost constantly in the shadow of 
martyrdom had no fears for this 
noble young woman. Such dauntless 
courage and such fidelity to the right 
surely gave a new impetus to the self- 
sacrificing task of William Lloyd 
Garrison. 

It may be that Ruskin is quite right 
in saying "that the buckling on of 
the knight's armor by his lady's hand 
was not a mere caprice of romantic 
fashion, but rather the type of eternal 
truth, and that the soul's armor is 
never well set-to unless a woman's 
hand has braced it." Never was wo- 
man better adapted for bracing se- 
curely the armor of a knight than 
Helen Eliza Garrison, to whom the 
following tribute was paid by Wendell 
Phillips, "Her own life and her hus- 
band's moved hand in hand in such 
loving accord and seemed so exactly 
one, that it was hard to divide their 
work." 

How significant and yet how pa- 
thetic when the triumph came Mrs. 
Garrison's bodily activity was over, 
for she became an invalid and remain- 
ed so until the end of that useful and 
strikingly beautiful life. 

At the close of Mrs. Morgan's ad- 
dress, a collection was taken for the 
suffering Jews in Russia, out of ap- 
preciation for the use of the synagogue 
ind amounted to over $3ti. 

Perhaps the climax of the meeting 
for pathos and vivid portrayal, came 
in the last addre.ss. that of the vener- 
able Colored woman. Miss Eliza Gard- 
ner, who had gone to school in the 
vestry of that very church edifice. 
All eyes were moist as she closed, 
breaking down under her emotion. 
Miss Gardner said in part: 

I feel too deeply moved by the events 
that occurred forty years ago to speak 
as my heart would dictate. I feel so 
keenly the many things that have 
been said about Mr. Garrison and his 
friends and the times in which they 
lived and moved. From my earliest 
childhood I remember that I had a 
mother who was interested in the an- 
ti-slavery movement, and I can re- 



i"'i i< I'll oi w ii.i.i.wi i,i,( )\ I. c \i<kis( t\ 



^9 



member thai when my lather got a 
home for wife and children that in 
that home there was a room for the 
panting fugitive who would come tap- 
ping at the door, sometimes in the 
midnight hour, seeldng a refuge. And 
so from a very young child I com- 
menced attending the anti-slavery 
meetings. My mind goe.-i back to Tre- 
mont Temple and the meetings there. 
I can hardly realize and these joung 
people can hardly realize that in Bos- 
ton, when Mr. Garrison would attempt 
to speak, he would not be allowed to. 
From the galleries the mob would 
shout and sing, and we always sat on 
the lower floor, and we had to dodge 
the cushions and things that wou;d 
be hurled from the galleries. They 
would hoot and shout, trying to sing 
John Brown's Body is Marching On, 
w'hile the mob would yell, and the 
cushions coming down, while we had 
to duck our heads to keep them from 
coming upon us. At the Tremont 
Temple one morning I remember par- 
ticularly, they said for the safety of 
the building the meeting must ad- 
joi rn, and the pastor of this church, 
Rev. Sella Martin, stepped to the front 
and said. "This meeting will not (dose 
hut will adjourn to meet in my church 
the Joy Street Ba:)tist church tonight 
That meeting adjourned and we met 
here. I do not know that I was as 
brave as my own dear mother, but 
so terrible were the scenes at that 
time that I was afraid to stay in the 
house, but I was equally afraid to go 
out of the door (Laughter.) I remem- 
ber sitting up in that gallery and 
hearing the hooting mob on the out- 
side, a mob that stretched from this 
court to Cambridge street, waiting for 
Wendell Phillips, and determined thit 
somebody wouM be sacrificed that 
night. He ceme up the aisle leanin^:; 
on the arm of Francis Chipman, and 
with him, I am thankf' 1 so say, were 
seven or eight black men, ready to do 
or die. (Applause.) John Brown. Jr.. 
was there, too, and standing on the 
platform, he tcok out knives, pis- 
tols, and anything that would defend 
and told the con^-regation what to do. 
We had a glorious meeting. Th'.> 
speaking was almost divine. I keit 
listening, and I said to my mother, 
"We are having a good time in here, 
but hear the mob outside." The meet- 
ing was dismissed, and they got the 
women and children out through a 
rear way that the mob did not know 



aliiiui. I lure was oiii' niiiM, .Joiui .Mi;l- 
ligaii, who Ui'i)t a sailor's boardiiiw 
house, wlio liad slain liis man and 
served his lime in defenso of his 
rights. When lie and liis men went 
out, the moi) said. "Here comes Mulli- 
gan." and I hey parted and let hlni >o 
through. 

As we ( aiMc (Mil ihrough that rear 
way onto Irving stifci and liussi 11 
street, the crowd seemed to rcali/.e 
Ihal we were escaping iheni. ami they 
surged down tliroiigh Cambridije 
street. My mother and I went dovvn 
Anderson street. Tlie l'liilli;)s school- 
house was just being l)uilt. and the 
stones and bricks were piled up there, 
and they did good .servi(e that night. 
And there was bloodshed that nigh!, 
for I saw a man with the blood 
streaming from his face where he had 
been cut on the forehead. As we 
reached the house of Mr. John J. Smith 
he opened his doors and he allowed my 
mother and myself to come in, and we 
remained there until it was safe for 
us to pass out. 

These scenes are fre^h with me to- 
day. I can scarcely realize that they 
have passed away, perhaps forever. 
And sometimes when I read of the 
horrible outrages perpetrated upon my 
race in the southland now. I wonder 
if they are over. (Here Miss Gardner 
sobbed and buried her face in her 
hands, while many others wept.) 
And I can almost invoke Mr. Garri- 
son's presence from the spirit-land to 
again fight the battle. 

The members of the Garrison fam- 
ily at the Synagogue were: Mr. Wm. 
I.loyd Garrison, Mrs. Fanny Garrison 
Viliard. Mr. and Mrs. Francis J. Gar- 
rison, Mrs. George T. Garrison, Mr. 
and Mrs. Charles Garrison. Mr. and 
Mrs. W.L. Garrison. Jr., Miss Margaret 
Garrison, Mr. and Mrs. Frank W. Gar- 
rison, Mr. Rhodes Anthony Garrison, 
Mr. Harold Garrison Viliard. Mr. Os- 
wald Garrison Viliard, Master Wen- 
dell H. Garrison, Master Robert H. 
Garrison. 

Four descendants of Arnold Buffum 
were there also, namely his grand- 
daughter, Mrs. Mary Chace Tolman of 
West Newton, her two sons, Richard 
and Edward Tolman, and Mr. Arthur 
Wyman of Valley Falls. R. I., another 
great-.grandson. These four and the 
members of the Garrison family were 
the only descendants of the twelve 
founders of the first anti-slavery so- 
ciety who were present. 




FANEUIL HALL BOSTON 
AMERICA'S "cradle OF LIBERTY" 



Exercises of Monday, December 11, 
1905. In Faneuil Hall 



MORNING SESSION 10.30 o'clock 



The fifth session of the citizens' 
celebration took i)lace Monday morn- 
ing at Faneuil Hall, and was in charge 
of the Women's clubs and the Vet- 
eran's Associations. The session 
was opened with prayer by Rev. 
D. R. Wallace. Then Adjutant Wal- 
ter J. Stevens of the Peter Salem Gar- 
rison Spanish War Veterans, chairman 
of the joint committee in charge of the 
session made the introductory re- 
marks. He said it seemed particularly 
fitting to meet in Faneuil hall. Those 
wiio heard the speakers on Sainday 
prajise Mr. Garrison must have been 
filled with conflicting emotions. He said 
that as he sat in the Smith court syna- 
gogue he almost felt he could hear the 
howling of that mob, but today in Fan- 
euil hall he felt in a freer atmo.sphere. 
He was unable, he said to voice the 
obligation owed to Mr. Garrison. Then 
he introduced Miss Eliza Gardner to 
preside. 

Miss Gardner said Gaj'ri.son was one 
of the greatest men who ever lived. 
She mentioned men and women who 
aided Garrison in his work, and said 
Mrs. Julia Ward Howe's "Battle Hymn 
of the Republic" meant more to the 
Negro race than even the "tStar 
Spangled Banner." She said the Col- 
ored folk themselves were among the 
willing helpers of Garrison, remarking 
tlhat many knew well how Mrs. Scar- 
let's little tailor shop in Spring Lane 
was a place where aid could always 
be found when there was a fugitive to 
be cared for. Mrs. Mary Buchanan, 
whose family were among the early 
helpers of Garrison, and who herself 
was associated in that work, reviewed 
facts in the life of the great liberator. 



After this, the entire audience stood 
while Miss Georgietta Woodest sang 
"The Star Spangled Banner." Mrs. 
Wm. H. Hamilton was the piano ac- 
companist. 

Miss Gardner then iiuroduccd the 
Chaplain of the Stale Senate, Rev. E. 
A. Horton, who said there was nothing 
more touching than to have one speak 
in an assemblage like this of the past, 
and show i)y the thrill of the voice 
and the moistened cheek that that 
space of time is all wiped out and the 
one she loved as a leader seems to be 
by her side. That makes things real, 
takes Garrison off the printed page 
and out of the frame and gives hiro 
to us as a man who lived and had his 
friends and knew the delights of life. 

He uaid in coming down Com- 
monwealth avenue to the meeting 
he had noticed that the wreath 
placed on the Garrison s»^atue had 
been removed. A neighb(»r told him 
that a workman had taken it away. 
I didn't go out there in the slush and 
wet yesterday to have the wreath we 
l)laced there taken away in a few 
hours by a workman. Tiiat wreath 
ought to go back there, and it ought to 
stay through the da>'. Cries of 
••Shame! shame" came from different 
parts of the hall, but the speaker said 
he did not mean to start any sensation, 
but merely to state a fact; and there- 
after he spoke of the significance of 
numerous incidents in Garrison's life. 
"I wish to say to my brethren of the 
people who have so enthusiastically 
remembered this anniversary, one of 
your number said to me yesterday as 
we were marching from the Boston 



ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 



Public library to the statue on Com- 
monwealth avenue, "Well, thank 
Heaven, there is one man at least un- 
der whom we all drill and train and 
progress. By the memory of Garri- 
son all factions are united among the 
Colored people, and it betokens 
strength for your cause. 

"I hope the time is nigh at hand 
when the principles expressed by 
Booker T. Washington and Prof. Du- 
bois will come together and coalesce 
and make one." 

What a fearful price was paid that 
slavery misht be cut down and the 
Union preserved. But it was the Al- 
mighty's penalty inflicted for the 
wrong done by the American people. 
Now I want you of the Colored race 
to take this great fact for encourage- 
ment to you and to me and to all. 
Why are you crowning Garrison today 
with such laurels of heartfelt praise? 
Because he was eloquent? Colonel 
Higginson, noble name of a noble 
man, Higginson who led the Colored 
troops at Wagner, says, "I never list- 
ened to Garrison when I thought he 
w^as interesting." He claims that 
Garrison never had oratorical powers. 
Garrison conquered by a sceptre that 
is grander than many worded elo- 
quence or the logical sequence of ad- 
(Iress. He conquered by the ignited 
glowing :>ower of moral conviction. 

While Rev. Horton was speaking, 
Mrs. .lulia Ward Howe came in. Thi? 
audience stood up and applauded vig- 
orously until she had taken her seal 
upon the platform. 

At the close of Chaplain Horton's 
remarks Principal Alonzo Meserve c<f 
the Bowdoin Grammar school was in- 
troduced. He spoke of his personal 
recollections of Garrison. He said in 
part: 

My remarks will be mainlv of a 
reminiscent character, a man's recol- 
lections of his youthful observations 
of the last decade of the anti-slavery 
agitation. The Garrisonians were men 
and women terribly in earnest. They 
did not use soft words to express 
their horror of slavery, and they were 
not much disturbed at the not always 
choice epithets hurled at them in re- 
turn. One of their common expres- 
sions was, "We must feel for those in 
bonds as bound with them." They 
were moral force incarnate, the logi- 
cal and lineal descendants of the Eng- 
lish yeomanry who, under Cromwell, 



threw down the gauntlet to the Stuart 
cavaliers. I well remember Mr. Gar- 
rison. He had the head of a philoso- 
pher, bald, a kindly face; he wore 
spectacles, his rather slow movement 
of speech, devoid of gestures, some- 
what cold as a speaker, but always 
the center of interest, admiration and 
love to the poor, plain, moral people 
who mainly made up his following. I 
heard him say one Sunday evening in 
answer to a preceding speaker that 
a man ought not to tell a lie to save 
his life. "Let .iustlce be done, 
though the heavens fall," was anoth- 
er expression often falling from the 
lijjs of his followers. The last time 
I saw Mr. Garrison he was slowly 
walking up Cornhill, wearing a very 
long coat and a soft sray hat. His 
whole bearing was that of a scholarly 
gentleman, a benevolent, dignified 
man. 

Near the scene where Geo. Thomp- 
son was mobbed at Abington, a 
scene which made an abolitionist of 
my father, is the beautiful Island 
Grove. For a score of years on the 
anniversary of British West Indies 
emancipation immense gatherings 
came to celebrate the event. These 
meetings were under the direction of 
the Mass. Anti-Slavery society. I have 
seen and heard there Mr. Garrison, 
Wendell Phillips, Senator Charles 
Sumner, Gov. John A. Andrew, Vice- 
President Henry Wilson, Geo. Thomp- 
son, Dr. Lyman Beecher, Parker Pills- 
bury. Rev. Samuel J. May and his 
father. Henry C. Wright. Charles L. 
Kemond, Wm. Wells Brown, Abby 
Kelley Foster, the Grimkie sisters, 
Stephen S. Foster and many other 
leading abolitionists. 

In closing, I will add that on the 
25th anniversary of the mobbing of 
Geo. Thompson ten thousand people 
gathered to give him a hearty wel- 
come in the Island Grove, a half mile 
from the spot where he was mobbed. 
The utmost respect was paid him and 
he delivered one of his masterly ora- 
tions. 

I am ready to say that the black 
race is just as potential a people as 
any other race on this globe. I do 
not say that to evoke your applause; 
I say it because I feel it down deep in 
my heart, and it is furthermore 
drubbed into my head because I have 
l)een brought in contact with your 
children, and it has been my privilege 
to be a humble leader in trying to 
make them see more of the good 



Ill Rill ( )l' \\ll,l I \M II ( )\ 1 ) ( ; \ !■ I' 1^1 i\ 



33 



tilings in this world than ilicj!- ladi- 
ers saw. In 1S9T tlicrc was a class ol' 
about 50 graduatoil from niv school. 
The number one scholar \va.s a Col- 
ored sii'l. the number two scholar was 
a Colored girl, the number three 
scholar was a Jewish girl, and then 
the Plymouth Rock Yanki>es and the 
Irish Americans and the Cermans 
came along, glad to be in the proct's- 
sion under that leadershii). So I say 
to you, just try and meet every oppor- 
tunity you can get in the way of edu- 
cation, especially because in this 
country education is the poor man's 
lever by which he raises himself to 
the highest positions of honor and 
trust. 

He also exhibited a copy of The Lib- 
erator, Garrison's i)aper, of date Nov. 
25, 1859. which aroused much a,pplause. 

While Mr. Meserve was speaking the 
pupils of his ninth grade, with a flag 
at their head entered the hall, escorted 
by Mrs. Addie H. Jewell and marched 
down the side aisle and took seats, 
amid great applause. 

Mrs. Julia W. Howe was introduced 
and was greeted with applause and 
waving of handkerchiefs. She said in 
part: 

Miss President and dear friends: — 
I am here with a word only, of grati- 
tude to one of the benefactors of the 
human race. The colored people of 
the south were considered of small ac- 
count in the days when Mr. Garrison 
took up their cause. Their ancestors 
had in the first instance been stolen 
from their own country, had been sold 
like merchandise and driven like cat- 
tle. North and south submitted to this 
state of things, although there were 
some who wished very much that 
things had turned out otherwise but 
did not see how the matter was to be 
helped. Then rose up "VVMlliam Lloyd 
Garrison in the strength of his plain, 
simple manhood to protest against 
the outrage of such treatment of hu- 
man beings made in God's image for 
all the good things of life. How brave- 
ly he stood against the censure of so- 
ciety, against the threats and violence 
of the mob. 

Your race is coming now to 
have noble representatives. Hampton 
and Tuskegee speak out. Paul Dunbar 
and Prof. Dubois (applause) represent 
you creditably in the literary world. 
Harvard college honors your athletes 
and applauds your writers. The word 



has mine KMih lur you. (;ii up hmlier; 
go up higher, and the divine order of 
things is on ynur side." 

After Mrs. Hdwc llnistied \h,. .siluxjl 
( hildren sang the "natlie Hymn of the 
Repuiilii'." the verses being sung as a 
solo by .Marie Scott and the n-Ht 
joining In the chorus. In the chorus 
after the last v<M-se all joined, led by 
Mrs. Howe, who Indicated the rhythm 
l)y the waving of her hand. 

The pupils, all the school girls, sang 
"Speed Our Republic," the jjlano ac- 
companiment being played by Mrs. 
Wm. H. Hamilton. Then tlie entire 
audience sang "America," led by the 
school children. 

This ended the first half of the se.s- 
sion and Miss Gardner yielded the 
gavel to Adjt. Isaa<: S. Mullen of the 
Robert A. Bell Post i:i4, G. A. R. 

Mr. Mullen quoted the poet Whit- 
tier's praise of the purity of Mr. Gar- 
lison's life. He spoke of his own 
school-days in the basement of the 
Smith court church. He said the 
memory of Garrison lived, "not alone 
in the written history of the conflict 
to which he was devoted, but in the 
hearts of those millions who were 
benefited by his adherence to their 
cause. He said the riots at the North 
were led by the men who profited by 
the African slave trade, and that free- 
dom in America then applied only to 
white people, despite the heroism of 
the Colored men on sea with Perry, 
and on land with Andrew Jackson, 
but Garrison arose and by his agita- 
tion brought universal freetlom, 
though bitterly assailed for his views. 
In closing he hoped that the founda- 
tion upon which Garrison built his 
superstructure, and the benefits de- 
rived therefrom, might always be 
kept in the memory of rising genera- 
tions, and the generations yet to 
come, and that the efforts now so 
grandly made for the observance of 
this luOth anniversary would not 
gradually "crumble into dust, and like 
the baseless fabric of a vision leave 
scarce a memory behind," but that it 
would continue as an incentive to all 
peoples and nations of the earth. 

Mr. Mullen then introdut'cd MiYs. 
Agnes Adams, who said in part: 

It has been just 41 years since an 
emancipated people stood upon the 
threshhold of a new era, facing an un- 
known and uncertain future, home- 



34 



ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 



less, penniless and nameless. Then 
It was that the women of the race 
said: "I will mother this people 
in every avenue of life." Although 
two hundred and fifty years of bond- 
age had outraged every feeling of 
wife and motherhood, had steeped 
their lives for generations in immor- 
ality, yet she said, "I will do my best." 
I will work in the field all day beside 
my husband and will work all night 
that the boy and girl may go to 
school, that the husband may succeed 
in business, that our little home may 
be paid for. The great army of law- 
yers, teachers, and doctors, and the 
thousands of homes owned by our 
people go to urove how well she has 
kept her bond — of the many struggles 
of the mother to protect her home 
and her children while the husband 
was away; of the struggle to keen up 
and of the anguish of the parents 
when they returned home to find a 
little pile of smouldering ashes all 
that was left of what was their home. 
Now we turn to a new era, when a 
new picture presents itself. Co-oper- 
ation was now their watchword. And 
so they formed themselves into clubs. 
The women of my race said if it is 
necessary for a race that has had two 
thousand years the start of us to es- 
tablish such things, how much more 
necessary that we shonld do so. Our 
first coming together was held in Bos- 
ton in Berkeley Temple eleven years 
ago, under the Era club. They came 
to that convention from the Pacific 
slope, from the Atlantic and the gulf 
states. They sat in that convention 
three days asking the question, What 
must we do? They went forth from 
that convention organizing clubs 
throughout the country until we now 
numbei' over one hundred. We have 
not always done our best. One of our 
great struggles has been how to keep 
our husbands and children from being 
infidels. We have not always 
done our best, but we do hope to do 
better in the coming years. We are 
trying to teach our children the im- 
portance of leading the simple life. 
We are trying to teach them the val- 
ue of honest labor. 

And we have wUh us the great 
characters of the mother and the 
wife of Garrison, who was with him in 
every struggle. 

Miss Denby sang "The Lord is My 
Liglht" most beautifully and as an 
encore "0, Dry Those Tears." 



Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, introduced 
as Mrs. Judge Terrell of Washington, 
D. C. said in part: The honor 
which you confer upon me seems great- 
er than I can bear. The facts associated 
with Faneuil hall are sacred to me. It 
never occurred to me 1 should be able 
to stand on the platform of Faneuil 
hall, where W^m. Lloyd Garrison, Wen- 
dell Phillips ajid those other cham- 
pions of liberty stood, where they 
roused this nation to the awfulness 
of the crime of slavery. In spite of all 
the hardships to which we are sub- 
jected I believe things will be better 
tomorrow, but the love of liberty, 
which prompted the Pilgrim Fathers to 
forsake home and friends, I believe is 
being submitted to the children's chil- 
dren forever. 

I cannot help feeling that if Wil- 
liam Lloyd Garrison and Wendell 
Phillips and those other men could 
come here today they would be dread- 
fully pained and shocked to find what 
a revolution on the race ouestion has 
taken place in the short time of forty 
years. But, my friends, though op- 
pression and injustice stalk about the 
land, I sometimes think that retribu- 
tion may be coming on apace with a 
strong, avenging hand. 

Mr. Mullen then read the caution 
contained in the souvenir program, 
saying we did not have to do that now. 

He then introhued Mr. James H. 
Wolfe, Commander of the Massachu- 
setts I)ei)artnient of the G. A. R. 

Mr. Wolfe said in part: 

"I knew Mr. Garrison personally 
and am pro<id of the fact. Let us 
draw what lesson we can from his 
great and good life and let us see if 
we have any of the qualities that com- 
pose his splendid character. Let us 
see if be not true that a race lifted 
from slavery by the work of Garri- 
son is not forgitg ahead at a speed 
worthy of him. It is an important 
fact that the conditions are so chang- 
ed that the southern attack upon the 
blacks is never single-handed but al- 
ways strong in numbers. Garrison 
rave vis a flag and a country and it 
behooves us to remember that that 
flag was fought for and won by Neg- 
ro^^s. Never in our country's history 
has a Colored man been a traito •. 
Race prejudice is rampant in certain 
parts of our country and sooner or 
later we must come to our defence. 



lUkl'll ()!■ w 



,1AM l.L( )\ D (i \l' k l^( i\ 



35 



We are men and can suffer for what 
are our rishts and from soniowhcro 
there will como to us a leader. 1 
would rather have the ballot than a 
bank account, for what j?ood can 
money do me when I can not liave a 
hand in the passing of my country's 
laws. Money is powerful bul liic e.\- 
ercise of franchise is far more powrr- 
ful. I am hopeful over the revival of 
oratory among us and I believe that 
the race problem is simply a question 
of fair play for our hoys and girls. 
We ask for opportunity in proportion 
to our merit. I am glad to pay tribute 
to the great Wm. Lloyd Garrison, 
wiiose work cannot be depreciated and 
my earnest hope is that we may ef- 
fectually finish the fight he so success- 
fully made for us." 

Motion was then made by Mr. J. A. 
Crawford that a committee of five be 
appointed from this meeting to go with 
a committee from the Boston Suffrage 
League to go to the office of the Mayor 
to have the wreath replaced on the 
Garrison statue. Adjt. W. J. Stevens, 
Mr. John J. Smith. C. G. Morgan, Esq., 
W. M. Trotter, J. A. Crawford, T. P. 
Taylor, Milton Walker and Rev. Wm. 
H. Scott were appointed. 

Chairman Mullen read verses from 
page 10 of the Souvenir Program and 



then iinnounod .i .soin n\ .Miss Rosa 
,M. CulT..-. 

This session dosed wltii benediction 
i)y Itev. K. (i. Suelson, pastor c)f the 
St. Paul l{a|)tisl churcli, Cainbritl«e. 

i''.iueuil h.'ill w;is lieautifullv dec- 
orated with Hags and liuntlnu 1)V the 
New lOnghiud Decorating company. 
Ui)on a platform in front of the desk 
was a large life-size crayon portrait 
of Mr. Garrison, <lrai)er|, wlilcli was 
loaned i)v ,Mr. Francis J. Carrlson. 
and on one side of the i)!atform was a 
bust of the emancii)ator, wjiicli Mr. 
T. I'. Taylor loaned for the occasion. 

The committee in charge of this ses- 
sion were: — Adjt. Walter .J. Stevens, 
chairman, Mi.ss .Josej)hine B. Seiden, 
secretary; Mrs. Addie H. .Jewell, Mrs. 
Olivia Bush, Mrs. R. C. Ransom, Mrs. 
(Smith, Commander A. Ditmus, Mrs. 
.lewell. Mrs. E. M. Gotten. Mrs. Hard- 
ing. Mrs. E. Allston. Mrs. Williams, 
Mrs. Hall. Mrs. Hannah Smith. .Mr.s. 
George Lewis, Mrs. C. E. France, re- 
presenting the following dubs and 
organizations: .John Brown Memorial, 
Protective Ivea.gue. King's Daughters, 
Queen F^sther. Women's Era. Ruth Cir- 
cle. Maternal Association, Queen ICs- 
ther's Court, Lily of the Valley Mis- 
sion. Foreign Missions. G. A. R., Shaw 
Veteran Association, Peter Salem Gar- 
rison and Household of Ruth. 




AFTERNOON SESSION, 3 O'CLOCK 



The sixth session of the Citizeus' 
celebration began at 3 o'clock on iMon- 
day at Faneuil hall. The hall was 
well filled. Upon the platform were: 
Mr. John J. Smith, Mrs. Betsey Blake- 
ley Hudson, known as "Mr. Garrison's 
gift," escaped fugitive slave, who 
was brought from the wharf to an an- 
ti-slavery meeting in Faneuil hall, 
then called Betsey Blakeley; Rev. J. H. 
Wiley, Wm. l.loyd Garrison, Mrs. Fan- 
ny Garrison Villard of New York, 
daughter of Garrison: O. G. Villard of 
New York, editor of New York Even- 
ing Post, grandson of Garrison; Capt. 
Charles L. Mitchell, Hon. Moorf.eld 
Storey, Hon. A. E. Pillsbury, Mr. J, 
Nathaniel Butler, Miss Alia W. Foster, 
daughter of Abbey Kelley Foster and 
Stephen Foster: Hon. A. A. Perry. 
Miss Pauline Hopkins, Frank Sanborn, 
Mr. A. M. Howe, Rev. A. A. Berle, 
Rabbi Chas. Fleischer, Rev. Byron 
Gunner, Prof. Albert B. Hart, John D. 
I.,ong, trustee of Zion A. M. E. Zion 
church, E. H. Clement, editor of Tran- 
script; John W. Hutchinson. Walter 
Allen, editor of The Herald; Emory T. 
Morris, C. G. Morgan, Miss Alice 
Stone Blackwell, Mrs. Lucia Ame=! 
Mead, Rev. Wm. H. Scott, president of 
Boston Suffrage league; John W. 
Smith, an old anti-slavery printer. 
Joshua A. Crawford, Walter Thomas, 
T. P. Taylor, W. M. Trotter, set retary 
Garrison Centenary committee; James 
A. Lew, Horace Gray, Pierre Zeno, 
commander of Wm. Lloyd Garrison G. 
A. R. post of Brooklyn, N. Y.. Rev. F. 
G. Snelson. Homer B. Sprague. Edwin 
D. .Mead, Rev, Chas. Ames, Rebecca 
T. Collins, who knew Garrison; Geo. 
G. Bradford. Geo. R. Tabers, G. W. 
Fowle. who was in mob with Garrison, 
Rev. Jesse Harrell. 

The invocation was given by Rev. S. 
J. Comfort. Rev. Jesse Harrell not ar- 
riving till later. Mr. Mark R. DeMor- 
tie, chairman of the Citizens' commit- 
tee, presided. The Crescent .Male 
quartet sang very acceptably "The 
Voice of Peace." 

Secretarj^ William M. Trotter of the 
Suffrage leagiie committee, read letters 
of regret from William H. Dupree, 



Rev. Francis H. Rowley, N. P. Hal- 
lowell and ex-Gov. J. Q. A. Brackett 

Mr. Mark R. DeMortie spoke in part 
as follows: 

The hero of whom we shall speak 
was born at Newburyport in this state 
one hundred years ago. At his birth 
place he was surrounded by such elo- 
quent and influential men as Caleb 
Gushing, W. D. Northen and Richard 
S. Spofford, the husband of Harriet 
Spofford, the authoress, all of them ad- 
vocating the cause and justness of 
slavery. 

He gathered his little company, and 
they met in the African Baptist 
church. Smith court, Joy street, and 
formed the New England Anti-Slavery 
society and declared for immediate 
emancipation. When they adjourned 
and stepped out in the storm and dark- 
ness from the meeting he remarked, 
"our numbers are few and our influ- 
ence limited but mark my prediction, 
Faneuil Hall shall ere long echo with 
the principles we have set forth. We 
shall shake the nation by their mighty 
power." 

We that are alive today have lived 
to see his prediction verified. His 
words and labors not only abolished 
slavery in the United States but in 
the West Indies and serfdom in Rus- 
sia. It was only three years alter the 
issue of this little sheet (holds up Lib- 
erator) that slavery was abolished in 
the West Indies; you will not find in 
the history of the world where so 
much was accomplished in so short a 
time. (Applause.) When you will stop 
to (onsider that slavery was only abol- 
ished in our neighboring state, New 
York, in 1827, what a great work Wil- 
liam Lloyd Garrison and his apostolic 
brothers and sisters accomplished in 
so short a period. God bless them all. 
I must enumerate some of their names. 
I do not want those that do not read 
history to forget, among their number 
was Arthur and Lewis Tappen, the 
I ovejoy brothers, Maria and Mary 
Chapmans, Oliver Johnson, Frances 
Jackson, Samuel and Samuel J. Mav, 
the Hutchinson family, Luc.v Stone, 
Frederick Douglass, Frank Sanborn. 



i;iR ril 0|- W II.I.l AM l,I,()\ I) C AKKISON 



37 



Abby Kelley, Charles C. BurleiKli. 
Charles Lenox Reniond, T)r. Sainiiol 
G. Howe. Julia Ward Howe. William 
C. Nell, last to name anions others is 
Parker Pillsbury and Wendell I'hil- 
lips, but they were the i)eers of them 
all. 

Where shall we look loday tor the 
man that will espouse the wrongs of 
my race; we are outraged and by men 
in the South today, beeause we went 
200,000 strong to help save the nation 
from rebeldoni. (Applause.) I had 
hoped for a Moody before the admin- 
istration found him big enough for a 
cabinet office. Let us continue to hope 
and hope on trusting to God to right 
our wrongs. 

It is not my duty to si)eak but to in- 
troduce those that may address you. 
The committee has seen fit and proper 
to select me for that duty as I pre- 
sided at the emancipation meeting that 
was held January the first, 18G3, in 
Tremont Temple at which the work of 
William Lloyd Garrison was consum- 
mated. 

Rev. Charles G. Ames, was the first 
speaker. He spoke extemporaneously 
and gave very sober advice saying in 
part: "When we turned free 4,(i(i6,0()0 
ex-slaves it was a good deal like sliak- 
ing out a ragbag. They have been 
climbing every day, and they still have 
a great deal of progress to make. 
There is still a battle to be waged 
against the same spirit which made 
slavery possible. You will get your 
dues not by appealing to white men 
to help you, but by helping your- 
selves. You have got to become self- 
reliant and self-respecting, and only 
this kind of appeal will win." 

Mr. B. R. Wilson yielded his place on 
the program to Mrs. Fanny Garrison 
Villard. who received an ovation. She 
said: "I know that what my dear 
father did for the Colored race, all he 
sacrificed, he has got back. He had 
a moral uplift and high associates, and 
I feel that he more than got it back 
from you by your sincere affection." 
(Great applause). 

Rabbi Charles Fleischer followed. In 
the course of his address he said: 

"In participating in this centenary 
celebration of a man whom we all de- 
light to honor, let me speak to a text 
furnished by Garrison himself: 'I 
claim to be a human rights man." That 
was a sentiment to be expected from 



tile uiiJM'rsalislic seer, who, in fren/y 
exclaimed: 'My couiilry is the world; 
my ((tuiitrymen arc all inankiiid.' 

"After all. a s|)ecillc wnuig or injus- 
tice is only a locjil (,v a particular 
lihase of general wrong or injusiici;. 
It means a falling short of ideal stand- 
ards. Slavery in the L'niled Stales, 
oppression of Armenians in Turkey, 
persecution of .lews in Russia— these 
are all i)ois(in, fruits of the same 
deadly tree. They all idj the same 
sa<l story of the survival of beastli- 
ness in man, none the less beastly 
when it expresses itself in the con- 
tempt of refined and 'superior' folks 
for those whom they think or who ac- 
tually may be inferior. 

"Real superiority i)roves itself not 
in hatred and contem;)t, in an ever- 
widening spiral of sympathy and love. 
The more one can include the more 
human one is. The grown-up man 
says naturally: 'I think nothing hu- 
man foreign to me. Even the rights 
of Russia are dear to me, whose fel- 
low Jews are being treated atrociously 
by other Russians." 

"Fortunately, we may claim today 
that the sort of nnin typified in the 
fine figure of Garrison, the Human 
Rights Man, is not so rare in our days 
as he was in those days." 

Moorfield Storey, president of the 
Anti-Imperialist League, who was pri- 
vate secretary to Charles Sumner, said 
in part: 

"This celebration tomes at a fortu- 
nate hour. We are passing through a 
reaction against the great principles 
of freedom and equal rights to advance 
which Mr. Garrison devoted his life, 
and we need assured faith. We need 
to be reminded how much can be ac- 
complished in a good cause by cour- 
age, persistence and unwavering de- 
votion against odds which seem to be 
overwhelming — how certain is the tri- 
umph of right. 

"Yet with no arms but his pen and 
his voice, with no funds and without a 
single subscriber to sui)port his news- 
pajier. Garrison attacked the mon- 
strous wrong, and for a generation 
urged unrelenting war against it. 
Poverty and hardship, abuse, execra- 
tion and contempt, the jail, the mob, 
and the danger of violent death, nev- 
er appalled him nor turned him from 
his purpose. 

"It is altogether fitting that we 
should honor a man of this rare mold. 



38 



ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 



He deserves all the honor we can pay 
him, but it is not by eulogies or meet- 
ings or statues that we honor him best, 
but by following his example and 
showing something at least of his 
constancy and courage. 

"The equal rights of men. which, 
when he died seemed assured in this 
country, are again questioned In 
many states American citizens are de- 
nied the right to vote on account of 
their color. There and elsewhere they 
are exposed to lawless violence, are 
subjected to cruel punishments with- 
out Trial, are visited with social in- 
dignities, are denied the equal oppor- 
tunity which is the birthright of every 
man, are taunted with inferiority, 
while many insist that they are and of 
right must be forced to remain hewers 
of wood and drawers of water, incap- 
able of higher things. Let us learn 
from the example of Garrison to resist 
with all our might and with untiring 
persistence the ignorant and un-Chris- 
tian prejudice which is responsible for 
those wrongs. 

"Our task compared with Garrison's 
is easy. We have seen slavery over- 
thrown. We have learned that all the 
strong forces once enlisted in its sup- 
port were unable to keep 4,(MtO,(MtO of 
men a-s slaves. Can we believe for a 
moment that any force can keep 10,- 
000,000 of free men down in a country 
where everything that they can see 
and everything that they can hear 
strengthens the impulse to rise, which 
is planted in the breast of every hu- 
man being at his birth? L«t us per- 
severe in the path which Garrison 
opened for us until every man in this 
great country, the world, has an equal 
opportunity to be and to do whatever 
his powers permit, unfettered by law 
and unhami)ered by prejudice, look- 
ing forward to the day when mankind 
shall rise to his high plane, and we 
shall all say with him: 'My country is 
the world. My countrymen are all 
mankind.'" (Applause.) 

Hon. A. E. Pillsbury. ex-attorney- 
general of this state, spoke as fol- 
lows: 

Fellow Citizens: I dislike to make 
any allusion to race distinctions, 
which I would ignore and forget if 
I could, but where are the white men 
who ought to fill this hall today? 
Does not the memory of Garrison be- 
long also to them? Do they not 
know that the emancipation for which 



he gave his life was more theirs than 
yours? Where is that fellow citizen 
of ours who may be described as the 
white American? Has he forgotten 
the way to Faneuil Hall? There was 
a time when he knew it. I came down 
here last Saturday evening to help 
save the old frigate Constitution, and 
I found the hall filled, and the plat- 
form covered, with Irishmen. (Laugh- 
ter.) Coming here today to celebrate 
Garrison, I find the occasion wholly 
in the hands of another class of our 
fellow citizens, who, to say the least, 
would have great difficulty in tracing 
their descent from the Pilgrim or the 
Puritan. (Laughter.) Does not the 
white man know that any question 
of liberty is his question? Does he 
not know that a question of equal 
rights is more his question than 
yours, in the proportion of nine or 
ten to one? Does he not know that 
his rights are not safe so long as 
yours are not secure? 

But this is not what I came here to 
say. I wish to make today, if I can, a 
practical application of Garrison's ex- 
ample. 

Garrison was the great agitator. The 
bronze figure down yonder in Com- 
monwealth avenue is a monument to 
the power of agitation, the marshalling 
of the conscience of the country to 
mould its laws, as Peel called it. It is 
sometimes said by historians and oth- 
ers who know no better that the al)oli- 
tionists contributed but little to the 
downfall of slavery. But Garrison had 
at work, long before the slave power 
made the fatal mistake of firing the 
shot against Sumter, the forces which 
were to destroy slavery. He saw its 
weakest point, and he drove straight 
at it. The slave power always laughed 
at the political and economic argu- 
ments against it. Calhoun the ablest 
defender of the system, was acute 
enough to see that slavery could sur- 
vive only upon the ground that it was 
right. Garrison put aside all questions 
of policy or expediency, and demanded 
immediate and unconditional emanci- 
pation because slavery was wrong. 
Then the slave power knew that he had 
pierced the joint in its armor. The re- 
coil from Garrison's blow, the blind 
and furious rage in which the whole 
slavocracy rose up to demand his sup- 
pression and to put a price upon his 
life, was proof enough that the blow 
had gone home to the vital part. 

Garrison lived to see the constitu- 



m k 1 11 oi' w II 



AM 



It )N 1) c \kkis()\ 



39 



tional amendnifiits wipe out .slavery, 
raise the black man to the level of citi- 
zenship, and eloihe him with its 
rights and privileges. Now, wiiiiin 
less than thirty years from his death, 
the clouds have gathered over the 
enfranchised race, and there is today 
a call for a new prophet of freedom. 
The white south refuses to accept the 
Negro as a man and a citizen, li is 
nothing that he poured out his own 
blood in a hundred battles for the gov- 
ernment which now turns its l)ack up- 
on him. All that is forgotten. The 
moral wave that culminated with the 
Emancipation Proclamation and the 
13th Amendment has subsided. 

The public conscience is asleep. 
The country looks on with indifference 
while the Negro is stripped not merely 
of his right to vote but of his right 
to live as a free man and citizen. He 
must live by the labor of his hands, 
and the ballot is the cnily weapon by 
which he can defend his right t:) 
V ork on equal terms with others who 
have it. (Applause.) Take it away 
and you leave him a slave in fact, if 
not in law. By this process the black 
liian is being remanded to servitude, 
and the white man as well, for when 
the thing is done it puts the whole 
ccvmlry under political subjection to 
the law-defying states. (Applause.) 
The courts evade the question, con- 
gress finds no politics in it. trade, self- 
ish and mercenary now as it always is. 
encourages it. and the law of the land 
is set aside, by force or by fraud, for 
one-ninth of all the citizens of the 
United States. 

The work that Garrison began is 
not yet done. (Applause.) It must 
be done by agitation, with fire kindled 
at the same altar. (Applause.) It 
must be done bv the black man him- 
self. (Applause.) "Who would be free, 
themselves must strike the blow." In 
Ga.vrison's time the Negro was prop- 
erty, without even a tongue of his 
own. Now- he is at least a man. whose 
right to speak for himself cannot be 
denied or suunressed. When Ganison 
began, he had to beein bv unmaking 
the whole iDublic ouinion of the time, 
and the w^hole bodv of laws. Now the 
law is with the persecuted race , an d 
it needs only public opinion to en- 
force it. Create this public opinion 
and every politician will bow to it 
like a reed in the wind. 

If the white race has for the time 
abandoned the Negro to his fate, let 



liim lake his own cause into his own 
hands. Tlicy arc ecpiai to it. I have 
read within a few days a pamphlet 
on this subjrci, piodiici-d wholly by 
Colored men, in which lluiie is more 
logic, mor.' philosophy and more 
slatt snumsliip than the white race, 
north or south, has devidoped since 
I he aiconstil ui ional anicndmenls. You 
have no need to look abroad for Icail- 
i-rs. If the Colored race will stand to- 
t,M'lh('r. sinking all ji'alousics ami dif- 
ferences in a resolute and unc:asing 
demand for the imiiariial enforcement 
of the laws, giving the t'.)untry no rest 
until there is one rule alike for white 
and black over every foot of soil, 
there can be no doubt of the result. 
(Applause.) It is only a question of 
courage and endurance. If the demand 
is irrei)ressible. it will prove to be ir- 
resistible. ( .-^i)plause. ) The people 
have never failed, in the end, when 
ai)pealed to on a question of funda- 
mental right. The universal instinct 
of freedom will respond to the appeal. 
The whole history of mankind is the 
history of a stru.ggle for freedom, in 
which there is no backward step. All 
the moral foi'ces of the universe, the 
very stars in their courses, fight on 
the side of a race striving after its 
own liberty. In that cause there may 
be delay and discouragement, but there 
is no defeat. (Applause.) 

Miss Pauline E. Hopkins spoke in 
pait as follows: 

I count it this afternoon, the 
greatest honor that will ever 
come to me that I am permitted to 
stand in this historic hall and say one 
word for the liberties of my race. I 
thought to myself how dare I. a weak 
woman, humble in comparison with 
other people. Yesterday I sat in the 
old Joy street church and you can 
imagine my emotions as I remem- 
bered my great grandfather begged 
in England the money that helped the 
Negro cause, that my grandfathe'- on 
mv father's side, si.cned the papers 
with Garrison at Philadelphia. I re- 
membered that at Bunker Hill my an- 
cestors on my maternal side poured 
out their blood. I am a daughter of 
the Revolution, vou do not acknowl- 
•^ds-e black daughters of the Revolu- 
tion, but we are going to take that 
right. 

The conditions which gave birth to 
so remarkable a ''eformer and patriot 
were peculiar. The entire American 
republic had set itself to do evil, and 



40 



ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 



its leading forces, wealth, religion and 
party, joined the popular side and 
threatened the death of Liberty in the 
Republic. But the darkest hour was 
but a herald of the dawn. No great 
reform was ever projected or patron- 
ized by any powerful organization or 
influential individual at the outset. 
Reformation always begins in the 
heart of a solitary individual; some 
humble man or woman unknown to 
fame is lifted up to the level of the 
Almighty's heartbeats where is un- 
folded to him what i)resently must be 
done. Thus it was that after the im- 
position of the colonization scheme, 
the issuing of Walker's "Appeal," and 
his own imprisonment at Baltimore, 
the poor and obscure Newburyport 
printer's boy, without reputation, so- 
cial or political influenc?, or money, 
inaugurated the greatest reform of the 
nineteenth century, and within one 
year of the first issue of the "Libera- 
tor," the entire coimtry knew the 
name of Garrison. God had heard the 
prayers of suffering humanity. He 
said "enough." The hour struck on 
the horologe of Eternity, and the man 
was there. S'ide by side with Martin 
Luther's "Here I take my stand," is 
the "I will l)e heard" of William Lloyd 
Garrison. (Applause.) 

In September, 1834, we are told that 
the Reformer received the greatest in- 
dividual help that ever came to him 
during his life, when he married Miss 
Eliza Benson, daughter of a venerable 
philanthropist of Rhode Lsland. and 
thereafter woman's subtle, intuitive in- 
Etinct added another sense to the won- 
derful powers of this remarkable man. 
Very shortly after their marriage, thi.s 
br;i\e woman was called to view the 
mobbing of her husband by the Bos- 
ton 'Broadcloth Mob." She stepped 
froii a window rpon a shed at the 
momeiit of his extremest danger, be- 
ing herself in danger from the riot- 
ers. His hat was lost, and brickbats 
were rained upon his head, while he 
was hustled along in the direction of 
the tar-kettle in the next street. The 
only words that escaped from the 
■white lips of the young wife were: 
'•I think my husband will not deny his 
principles; I am sure my husband will 
never deny his principles." The same 
spirit of encouragement still exists 
in women. What dangers will not a 
■woman dare for the support and com- 
fort of husband, father or brother? 
Not so long ago, when a Boston young 
man of color was hustled and beaten 



nnd jailed for upholding free speech 
and indepencfent thought, he was sus- 
tained and comforted by the words of 
a sister: "Remember, this is not dis- 
grace, but honor. It is for principle — 
it is for principle." 

Mr. Garrison went about his work 
against slavery with tremendous moral 
earnestness. At first he advocated 
gradual emancipation, but after his ^ 
btiptism of injustice in a Baltimore jail 
his sentiments changed to the start- 
ling doctrine of immediate and uncon- 
ditional emancipation. Gradual eman- 
cipation was a popular and inoffensive 
doctrine, a safe shore from which to 
view freedom for the Blacks. It is 
analogous with the startling propa- 
ganda of disfranchisement, or gradual 
enfranchisement after the Afro-Ameri- 
can has proved himself fit for the bal- 
lot. We remember that history re- 
cords the broken promises of freedom 
given by the Southern States to the 
blacks of Southern regiments in the 
Revolutionary War. Those men earn- 
ed their freedom, proved their right to 
manhood, but at the close of the war 
were told that, "You have done well, 
boys, now .get home to your ma-ters." 
The time will never come for the en- 
franchisement of the black if he de- 
pends upon an acknowledgement from 
the south of his worthiness for the 
ballot. (Applause.) As if the faithful- 
ness of the black man to this govern- 
ment from the Revolution until this 
day, the blood freely shed to sustain 
Republican principles in every war 
waged against the Republic, the gen- 
tle, patient docility with which we 
have borne every wrong, were 'not 
proof of our fitness to enjoy what is 
right. (Applause.) 

Mr. Garrison lived to see his cause 
triumph in the emancipation of the 
slave, and died believing that the man- 
hood rights of every citizen of the 
United States were secured then and 
forever. But the rise of a younger 
generation, the influence of an uncon- 
quered south, and the acquiescence of 
an ease-loving north that winks at 
abuses where commercial relations and 
manufactures flourish and put money 
in the purse, have neutralized the ef- 
fects of the stern policy of these giants 
of an earlier age. 

Great indeed was the battle for the 
abolition of slaver>% but greater far 
will be the battle for manhood rights. 

Let us hope that this timely re- 
view of the noble words and deeds of 



BIR'ni OK WILLIAM LLOND C.AKkLSON 



41 



Garrison and his followers, may re- 
kindle within our breasts the love of 
liberty. Were Mr. Garrison living iu 
this materialistic age. when the price 
of manhood is a good dinner, a fine 
position, a smile of approval and a 
pat on the back from the man of in- 
fluence, of a fat endowment, again, 
would he cry aloud, "The apathy of the 
people is enough to make every statue 
leap from its pedestal, and to hasten 
the resurrection of the dead." 

Here in Faneuil hall, let us vow, as 
the greatest tribute we can pay to Mr. 
Garrison's memory, to keep alive the 
sacred flame of universal liberty in 
the Republic for all races and classes, 
by every legitimate means, petitions 
to individuals, to associations, to for- 
eign governments, to legislatures, to 
congress, print and circulate literature, 
and let the voice of the agent and lec- 
turer be constantly heard. Let us 
swear to be "as harsh as truth, and as 
uncompromising as justice." And let 
us bear in mind the beauty of doing 
all things for the upbuilding of hu- 
manity; persecution and intellectual 
development have broadened us until 
we can clearly see that if the blacks 
are downed in the fight for manhood, 
no individual or race will be safe with- 
in our borders. This government has 
welded all races into one great na- 
tion until now, what is good for the 
individual member of the body politic 
is good for all, and vice versa. Here 
where the south and its sympathizers 
have so strenuously denied the broth- 
erhood of man, by ojr mixed popula- 
tion, God has proved his declaration, 
"df one blood have I made all races 
of men' to dwell upon the whole face 
of the earth together." This truth 
Mr. Garrison and his followers freely 
acknowledged in the beauty and purity 
of their lives and deeds. 

Mr. Edwin D. Mead of the Old 
South work, said in part: 

There is no word of Garrison's quot- 
ed so often as that which he put on 
the front of the Liberator and which 
is on his statue, and yet that very 
word is a far more fitting motto of 
the crusade in behalf of the brother- 
" hood of nations than of the crusade in 
behalf of emancipation. He said all 
of the great anti-slavery leaders in 
England were alive to the necessity of 
this struggle for the brotherhood of 
nations. The leaders of these two 



movements were largely ihc same 
men. 

Chas. Sumner Ix-gan his pui)lic ca- 
reer with his Fourth of July oration 
against war, and continued the effort 
there begun until the end of his life, 
and fought his life long as hard for 
peace as for emancipation, (iarrison 
of all the great group was perhai)s Uie 
most sweiping opponent of war, going 
the full length of '.he non-resistant 
principle, like Tolstoy today, con- 
(lenming even defensive war, a posi- 
tion not taken by Sumner or Chan- 
ning. A conquest by force, he said, 
was no real conquest at all; only by 
love and reason was genuine conquest 
possible. His work was for the re- 
demption of the human race; he was 
bound, he said, by a law which knew 
no national partitions. One of his last 
efforts was a^gainst our severe exclu- 
sion laws against the Chinese. He 
wished that every custom house on 
earth might be abolished; ludicrous 
and mischievous especially were pro- 
tective laws in behalf of people's prid- 
ing themselves upon being stronger 
and more intelligent than their 
neighbors. He was Mazzini's sym- 
pathizing and admiring friend; and 
today his heart would beat strongly 
iu sympathy with the strngglin'g mil- 
lions of Russia. The European re- 
formers, Dickens, Harriet Martineau, 
Bright. Mill, Victor Hugo, were the 
supporters and inspirers of our anti- 
slavery reformers, and George Thomp- 
son stood fittingly by Garrison's side 
at Fort Sumter, in 1SC5. when the 
old flag rose again, the symbol now 
of a nation from which slaverj' had 
been banished. And yet the work of 
emancipation is not yet wholly done; 
crying abuses against the Negro de- 
mand redress, while in many parts of 
the land his elementary political 
rights are denied him. The Garrison 
spirit is needed still in the war 
against slavery. it is needed more 
in the war against war. In this day 
of multiplying battleships, and of iter- 
ated and reiterated boasts in highest 
official places that we are a mighty 
folk, who "don't want to fight, but 
by jingo if w^e do!" we need to real- 
ize anew the duty of a great nation 
acting like a gentleman; we need to 
remember with Garrison that a selfish 
and bastard patriotism is a mischiev- 
ous and mournful principle, that we 
are men before we are Americans, and 
that our obligations are to all man- 
kind. 



42 



ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 



Rev. Dr. A. A. Berle of Salem, a 
noted Congregational minister, said in 
part : 

The Negro race, whatever it once 
was, is here as an integral part of 
American citizenship. And it is here 
not to be reckoned with primarily 
as a charge, primarily as an is- 
sue, but primarily as a body of 
American citizens, and as an Ameri- 
can who expects to exercise his suf- 
frage as an American a few years 
longer, I refuse to regard my 
countrvman either as a charge, as 
a problem or as an issue. I propose 
to regard him as a citizen and as a 
citizen alone. (Applause.) I think 
that wise words of advice were the 
words already sjmken by my friend, 
Mr. Pillsbury, when he said that the 
Negroes of America must act as a 
unit. And they must act together and 
bring the entire wealth of mind and 
thought and spirit and conscience 
which the total race possesses to bear 
upon their own problem of develop- 
ment and advancement. There is a 
question, however, as to purchasing 
unity upon a platform upon 
which the unity is not worth 
having. (Applause). Believing as I 
do that the problem of education is 
a problem for us all, I believe that in- 
dustrial education is essential to the 
black man and the white man alike. 
But I refuse to believe that any por- 
tion of American citizens is to be per- 
manently set apart for mere industrial 
improvement. (Applause.) What is 
the question, the problem, that is agi- 
tating the white race? The indus- 
trial question. What is the great 
terror that is stirring us all? Trium- 
phant, insistent, repressive industrial- 
ism. Are you willing that a recently 
emerged race shall be handed, 
bound hand and foot, into the arms 
of the Industrial monster? (Great 
applause.) I say this because I be- 
lieve that you can never permanent- 
ly separate in this land the black 
man from his citizenship. Why do 
we have demonstrative exhibitions 
like this here? We have them because 
we have the monstrous spectacle of a 
race practically submerged and de- 
prived of its national citizenship, con- 
demned to involuntary servitude in 
America. 

Now, my dear friends, to me it is a 
perfectly natural development of this 
condition that the theory widely em- 
braced sot'.th and north that 
the Negro race needs primar- 



ily to be fitted for industrial 
occupation should receive the en- 
dowment of v. conspicuous figure in 
an industrial trust. (Great applause.) 
I want to say to you this afternoon 
that if I were a Negro as I am a white 
man; if I were with you in the tradi- 
tions which belonsi to the Negro 
race, I would spurn any platform of 
unity that first had to spurn the Con- 
stitution of the United States. (.(Jreat 
applause.) The dt^noniinational or- 
gan of that to whch I belong said the 
other day that the days of the radi- 
cals were over, and I suppose in some 
sense that is true. But let us at least 
remember that it does not lie in the 
l)Ower of any man or any sst of men 
permanently to hold down the truth 
in unrighteousness. And I simply 
came this afternoon to bid you Godsjieed 
on the line for which Garrison stood. 
And let me say to you that in spite 
of all I may seem to have implied by 
what I have said, make no mistakes. 
You will have to advance industrially. 
I am sorry for any man, white or 
black, who does not know the use of 
his hands. But I want to say, while 
you advance, God help your race, as 
God only ai)parently can help any 
race, as long as it sticks by the mon- 
strous degrading maxim, "Get money 
in the bank." (Wild applause). I will 
say to you what we must do is to hark 
back to the primary platform which is 
embodied in the tlnited States Con- 
stitution. And when we have made 
citizenship mean what It Is supposed 
to mean in every part of this land you 
will not need the endowment of any 
millionaire to set your schools in mo- 
tion, because free men build their own 
schools and educate their own chil- 
dren, themselves. 

This statement was hailed with en- 
thusiastic and instant approval. The 
ai)plause as Rev. Dr. Rerle finished 
was deafening. Theau'diencewent wild 
with d(?light over his assertions as to 
the terms of race unity and as to in- 
dustrialism. A. M. Howe, Esq., an 
eminent Boston lawyer and reformer, 
rose at the back of the platform and 
shouting in a loud voice, "Thank God 
for a self-respecting man," led three 
cheers for Berle, which were given 
with a will by the audience. 

Mr. Reed said in part: 

The stirring events in connection 
with this celebration have prompted 
this query in my mind: What would 



BTRTTT OF W 



\M l,I.()\ 1> C. AKKISON 



43 



Garrison do If he was again among 
us? Could he but see the gradual 
nullification of his life's work, the re- 
enslavement aud disfranchisement of 
a portion of the race he labored so 
hard to free; could he but come to 
Boston, the scene of his early strug- 
gles and final triumi»hs; could he but 
see here, as I have seen, men and wo- 
men, some of the best in the land, be- 
cause of their color turned away in the 
night and the cold from ])ublic inns; 
refused admittance or herded in thea- 
tre and other places of a public na- 
ture, ignored and ridiculed, denied 
even a fair chance to secure food aud 
raiment — could Garrison see these 
conditions as they confront you and 
me today, I believe that he would start 
another "Liberator." 

Its initial number would contain a 
message to both races. To his own 
race he would say: "You have been 
false to the trust I gave you," and I 
think he would say, too, that "When 
a people's liberty is in jeopardy there 
is something more potent needed than 
kind words and sympathy." To my 
own race I can hear him repeating: 
"Be United," "Fear God, then disre 
gard all other fears." 

If ever Boston needed another Gar- 
rison it is now. We need one to 
warm the hearts of the thousands who 
in the mad flght for gold have left 
poor humanity to suffer in the cold. 
We need a Garrison at the head of 
some of our great dailies to speak out 
boldly and in uncompromising lan- 
guage against the wrongs heaped upon 
us. 

If we had more Garrisons at the 
head of some of our mercantile firms 
the Colored boys and girls with merit, 
seeking positions there, would not be 
turned away with the cold answer, 
"No Negro need apply." 

I am not pessimistic nor do I for 
a moment forget the shortcomings of 
my own race. It is with us that the 
real evil lies and it is with us that 
the remedy must be sought. "Who 
would be free himself must strike the 
blow." 

Kossuth, the famous Hungarian 
leader, himself an exile for freedom's 
sake, speaking in Faneuil Hall a half- 
century ago, sounded a keynote which 
we may with profit apply. Said he: 
"Freedom never was given to a na- 
tion as a gift, but only as a reward 
bravely earned by own exertions, own 
sacrifices and own toils." 

William Lloyd Garrison, typifying 



MS he did in a sense the life of the 
lowly Nazarciic, suffered and endured 
iiiucli that the slave might bt? free 
and now as men and women how much 
more ou.ght we to sacrifice that his 
work shall endure. 

I'rol". .\. |{. Hail of Harvard I'uiver- 
sity said in iiart : 

We have heard a great deal today 
jibout the future and about the pres- 
ent, and it is right to weave the fu 
ture into the present. But as I came 
into this hall something else had come 
into my mind. It is the figure of a 
nuui whom I never saw, yet whom all 
of us have seen, the personality of 
that great character whose 100th 
birthday we have come here to cele- 
brate. One hundred years ago today 
that man first saw the light. Seventy 
years ago today, almost to a day, a 
public meeting was held in this hall, 
presided over by the then mayor of 
Boston, to protest against William 
Lloyd Garrison. And at that meeting 
Pet<'r Chandler pointed to this pic- 
ture of Washington as a slave-holder, 
forgetting that that slave-holder by 
his last will did what he could to re- 
pair the wrong that had been done to 
those i)eople who had served him, by 
setting them free. In that meeting, 
Otis criticised the abolitionists as a 
set ot incendiaries. 

How is it that that man has exer- 
cised such a mighty influence upon 
his country and has come to be one of 
the acknowledged masters in our ^ 
great republic? Mr. Garrison saw' 
what other people failed to see — that 
the truth should make you free. (Ap- 
I>lause.) The whole basis of Mr. Gar- 
rison's power was not that he could 
create a situation, not that it was iu 
his power to set free the slav«s, but 
that they were by nature free. And 
what he set out to do and what he 
succeeded in doing was simply to call 
the attention of his countrymen to the 
truth which lay before them all — a 
truth so mighty that it burst the bonds 
in which men had attempted to en- 
velop it. Furthermore, Mr. Garrison 
stood for a principle for which every 
man, woman and child in America 
owes him thanks on this, his lUOth 
birtnday, namely, the principle that 
there is no offence to anybody in tell- 
ing the truth and in telling it in pub- 
lic^ 

Among the arguments put forth at 
that time was that on one side the 



44 



ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 



Negro race was a poor, weak, servile 
race, and that on the other side it 
was a race so strong and powerful 
that you could not whisper in the 
hearing of a slave that he ought to be 
free without deluging the country in 
blood and breaking up the whole in- 
stitution itself. That contradiction 
was carefully expressed by Mr. Garri- 
son. If the Negro was poor and weak, 
where was the danger from him? If 
he was strong and powerful, where 
was the right that he should be held 
a slave? 

This man, so strong, was after all 
a man of kindness, of simplicity of 
heart. He not only hated the sinner 
and the oppressor, but he loved the 
oppressed. 

The world is advanced by the man 
of one idea, the men who have the 
strength and power to fill their minds 
with one subject. I feel, therefore, 
grateful today for Mr. Garrison, not 
because he was always right, because 
if Mr. Garrison and his friends were 
always right, then my father and 
grandfather were often wrong. 
(Laughter). I am willing to divide 
the responsibility. Not because he 
was always just; he was often hard 
and terrible. But because he had in 
him such a belief in the rightfulness 
of his cause that he must speak and 
the people before him must listen to 
him. I admire Mr. Garrison; I am 
proud to appear here today upon this 
anniversary because he justified what 
he said of himself. "I have flattered 
no man." 

Mr. Henry B. Blackwell, ui)on whose 
head the south once put a price, said 
in part: 

I met Mr. Garrison under peculiar 
circumstances. He was brought to 
our house in Jersey City when I was 
about twelve years old by my father 
to spend the night, because it was 
thought unsafe for him to remain in 
New York. I remember him as a 
man thirty-two years of age. 

Garrison did not believe in using 
physical force, nor military force, nor 
political force. He stood where Tol- 
stoi stood, but he believed in telling 
the truth and relying solely upon the 
truth. The people of the south were 
driven to the question of confederacy, 
and then came on Lincoln. And Lin- 
coln did not dare to issue his Emanci- 
pation Proclamation until several 
years of war had so warped the brains 



of the people of the north that he was 
able to take this stop. But there 
never would have been an Emancipa- 
tion Proclamation, there never would 
have been a Lincoln if there had not 
been a Garrison. (Applause.) 

You heard that beautiful intelligent 
speech of a Colored lady. Miss Hop- 
kins. She never could have made 
that speech if Mr. Garrison had not 
made it possible for her to do so. He 
advocated liberty for woman as well 
as man. The greatest work that Mr. 
Garrison did, in my opinion, was not 
in emancipating the Negro slave, but 
It was in establishing the equality of 
women. You will never have a free 
count r\ until its government rests 
upon the suffrage of women as well as 
man. You may say what you please 
and preach what you please, but you 
will be permanently in warfare until 
j'ou put the ballot in the hands of wo- 
man. Let me tell you that the Col- 
ored women are as much citizens as 
the Colored men, and they need the 
ballot far more than the men, for the 
Colored women of the south are sub- 
jected to insults and injustice far more 
than the men. (Applause.) 

Mr. Garrison went over to Ixmdon 
to the anti-slavery convention, and the 
women were denied a scat there; he 
would not sit in that convention but 
took a seat in the gallery with the 
women. I want to say that Mr. Garri- 
son has made a beginning — that has 
already borne fruit. While it is true 
that chattel slavery is abolished, it is 
also true that about forty thousand 
.^quare miles of American soil is liv- 
ing under woman suffrage. The wo- 
men sent eight senators to the Con- 
gress of the United States and nine 
representatives. And now I appeal to 
this Suffrage League. Gentlemen, let 
your league stand for suffrage for 
women as well as for men. Do not 
forget that one-half the oppressed peo- 
ple in this land are women and their 
rights must be maintained as well as 
the men's. Let us remember that this 
question of liberty which was Garri- 
son's is the most imi)ortant of all ques- 
tions; for as Emerson said. "Of what 
value is land or life, if freedom fail?" 

Mr. Edward H. Clement, editor of 
the Boston Transcript, said in part: 

There is plenty of opportunity and 
plenty of fall for the "hard language" 
which Garrison admitted he was ac- 
customed to use because "he had not 



UIRTll ()!• W 11,1,1 AM l,i,()\ I) CAKKISOX 



45 



been able to find a soft word to de- 
scribe villainy or to identity tlie periu-- 
trator of it." Even as rei;;ar(ls his 
specialty of restniins the Net;r() from 
oppression almost everything remains 
to be done over large sections of our 
country .^indeed in our own commun- 
ity as well, in the social prejudices of 
cold hearts and narrow minds. As the 
Negro rises the force of gravitation of 
the baser habits of thought of the 
average masses pulls the harder 
against him. At the hour when he had 
barely risen out of slavery we were 
establishing his citizenship and his 
equality in rights in the Constitution 
and the statutes. Today the civil 
rights are waste paper and the rejieal 
of his guarantees of citizenhood in the 
Constitution is ojienly agitated. Is 
there not as much reason for us as for 
Garrison to dedicate ourselves as he 
did to trust in God with the defiant 
faith: — "We may be personally de- 
feated but our i)rincii)les never." Is 
there not as much necessity to cry that 
we will not equivocate, that we will 
not yield an inch, and that we will be 
heard? Shall we net rise to this con- 
ception of duty that the obligation to 
do a righteous act is not at all de- 
pendent on the question whether we 
shall succeed in carrying the multi- 
tude with us? 

"My only point is that we have no 
business with his glory today if we 
have none of his spirit. If we are 
proud and grateful on his birthday 
that such an American was produced 
by our state and city, I say, let us ex- 
press o;ir sense of this great man we 
honor in more than lip-service. If we 
see around us 'men wearing their 
chains in a cowardly and servile 
spirit,' as be described the conserva- 
tism of his day, let us as advocates 
of peace, avow, as he did, that 'we 
would much rather see them breaking 
the head of the tyrant with their 
chains,' whether the tyranny be em- 
bodied in the benighted and belated 
Negrophobia of the south, or in the 
bossism of northern municipal corrup- 
tion, or in the monopolies of capital- 
ized privilege by grace of bought leg- 
islation, or in the zeal of religious 
darkness and bigotry. The only way 
to estimate the true greatness of Gar- 
rison is to reflect that the opportunity 
for his career is never wanting, never 
has been, and, till the millennium, 
never will be, and yet his triumph re- 
mains unique — unparalleled in start- 
ing as small as was Garrison's begin- 



ning and ending as stupondou.s — with 
the whole of the material and moral 
and financial resources of the nation 
practically arrayed under his stand- 
ard against his selected object of de- 
struction. The elements of his prob- 
lem are never absent. These ole- 
nuMits are entrenched wrong, the vest- 
ed interests which thrive upon it. the 
cold-blooded Indifference of those 
whose withers are unwrung. the timid- 
ity and selfishness of all who dread 
disturbance of established order, tho 
fear of ridicule for the unpopular mi- 
nority — the consequent inertia of the 
mass, most terrible of all resistance 
to overcome. T3ut there is no use to 
pursue the threadbare story now. The 
thing for us to think of here today is 
that the opi)ortuuity and the call for 
martyrdom is the same today as then, 
for you and me as for him. The ques- 
tion ui) to us is. Where is the hero 
of the hour? Who are they that are 
doing in our day the same sort of 
pioneering, with the same sacrifices 
and stripes, that Garrison did? Let 
us beware, as we join in the execra- 
tion of some a,gitator who is called a 
dangerous disturber, a low fellow to 
be got rid of and silr-nced somehow, 
lest we be running with a 'broadcloth 
mob' again, and stoning a prophet un- 
awares." 

Mr. F. B. Sanborn of Concord, per- 
sonal friend of Mr. Garrison, said: 
Friends of Universal Liberty: 

Standing on this platform, trodden 
by five generations of Adamses and 
Quincys, by Phillips, by Lafayette, 
by Kossuth and by Garrison himself 
many times, I find myself, as they did, 
before an audience friendly to free- 
dom. Not your freedom, merely, and 
my freedom, not the freedom of Anglo- 
Saxons and Irishmen and Frenchmen 
and Hungarians alone, not apologists 
for a miserable patchwork right of 
self-government, spotted white here, 
swarthy there, yellow in another 
patch, according to the whim of some 
self-styled "superior race," but advo- 
cates of the reasonable liberty of all 
races to govern themselves without 
the "benevolent assimilation" extend- 
ed by destructive warfare to the 
swarthy Boers of the Transvaal and 
the brown allies of our armies in the 
Filipino satrapy of our misguided Re- 
public. But among the many life- 
long services rendered to liberty by 
the friend w'hose anniversary we com- 
memorate, I shall speak only of one 



46 



ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 



line of his ceaseless activity, his ca- 
reer as journalist of freedom. 

Garrison was neither for "Our coun- 
try right or wrong," nor for the dear 
people, right or wrong. He was for 
keeping the people right, and if they 
went wrong, giving them to under- 
stand where they were wrong; and 
he had great skill in making himself 
understood. (Laughter.) 

Indeed he was well equipped for a 
journalist. In the first place he had 
learned to print, as our best journalists 
have often done, from Ben Franklin 
till now, and not seldom he "set up" 
his articles without writing them down 
— a practice that favors conciseness 
and point, just as the opiiosite habit 
of dictating to a stenographer favors 
diffuseness and lack of point. Then 
he was an omnivorous reader, as most 
good writers have been, and could 
express himself with facility either 
in prose or verse. Best of all, he had 
a great cause to hold him to the point 
and not suffer him to fritter himself 
away in miscellaneous interests, as too 
many good writers do. To be sure, 
he allowed his zeal for righteousness, 
which in New England is apt to take 
the form of self-righteousness, to lead 
him into many specific reforms, akin 
to anti-slavery by a sort of affinity, but 
not of necessity connected with it, — 
peace, temperance, non-resistance, land 
reform, woman suffrage, anti-sectarian 
religion. But this did not so much 
vitiate his style as disaffect his own 
friends. They objected, too, to his 
harshness of language, in which he 
shared the peculiarities of American 
journalists of the decades from 1830 
to 1850. 

He shared with Horace Greeley and 
other contemporary journalists the er- 
ror that strong epithets added to the 
force of an argument, and might at- 
tone for possible defects in logic 
His opponents and Greeley's had the 
some idea, and one of them. Colonel 
Webb of the New York Courier and 
Enquirer, said of the abolitionists of 
1836: 

"They are a poor, miserable set of 
drivelling dastards, who always run 
into the shavings, like William Lloyd 
Garrison, when their own poor pates 
are in danger." 

To be sure, Garrison had before this 
called Colonel Webb "the cowardly 
ruffian, who conducts the 'Courier and 
Enquirer,' and had styled another edi- 
tor "the miserable liar and murderous 



hypocrite of the New York Commer- 
cial Advertiser." 

And about the same time (1833) he 
denounced Henry Clay, and other 
southern advocates of Negro coloniza- 
tion in these vehement terms: 

"Ye crafty calculators! ye hard- 
hearted, incorrigible sinners! ye 
greedy and relentless robbers! ye con- 
temners of justice and mercy! Ye 
trembling, pitiful, palefaced usurpers, 
my soul spurns you with unspeakable 
disgust. (Laughter). 

In spite of this Old Testament dia- 
lect of denimciation, which he never 
quite unlearned, though he moderated 
it sensibly in the later years of his 
newspaper. Garrison made the "Liber- 
ator" a model among weekly news- 
papers in several respects, and it has 
now become an invaluable historical 
work for reference. He practised 
what he preached, and allowed his op- 
ponents to speak of him in his own 
paper as sharply as they chose. 

Hi>5 own articles were sometimes 
ojien to the objection which he once 
brought against those of his friend 
and converter, Benjamin Lundy: 

"His stylo of writing was brisk, sar- 
castic, fearless, witty, vigorous — at 
times rising to eloquence and sublim- 
ity, but frequently careless and inele- 
gant. Like almost every conductor of 
a public press, he was compelled to 
write his articles in haste, with little 
or no time for revision." 

Both as journalist and public speak- 
er, however. Garrison was seldom un- 
prepared, it was a natural result of 
the strenuous and watchful life he led 
for so many years that he was never 
off his guard. His capacious memory, 
his flow of language, his quickness ol 
perception and analysis, made up for 
any defect of logic he might have. In 
reasoning indeed his premises were 
few and his conclusions were fore- 
ordained. 

Garrison was so grounded in jus- 
tice that his own vehemence could 
seldom blind his eyes to the truth, 
though it might lead him into a false 
position. He had courage, veracity, 
and clearness of mind; he was free 
from avarice, meanness, and excessive 
ambition, and these are traits of a 
good j(jurnalist. Like Greeley and 
some other great journalists, he some- 
times allowed his personality to get 
in his straightforward way; he had 
not the modesty that makes the cause 
everything, the person nothing. But 



BIRTH Ol' WII, 1,1. \M I.I.oNI) CAKRISON 



47 



even this slight defect may have been 
essential to the post he held so Ions 
and so bravely. The captain who 
heads a forlorn hope, the pilot who is 
to weather the storm must not think 
meanly of themselves. 

Garrison, like Phillips and John 
Brown, was fitted and wcaponcd Hir 
the work assigned him. 

Mr. Walter Allen, who had b( on 
present, editor on the Boston Herald, 
was nnable to speak, and his letter 
was read by Secretary Trotter. 

Boston, Mass., Dec. 9, 1905. 
William Trotter, Esq., 

Secretary of the Boston Suffrage 
league: 

Dear Sir — When you personally 
brought to me sometime ago an invi- 
tation to be one of the speakers at the 
Garrison centennial memorial meeting 
in Faneuil Hall, in the afternoon 
of Monday, Dec. 11, I promptly said 
to you that the condition of my health 
required me to decline making public 
addresses. I desire now more formal- 
ly to acknowledge the honorable cour- 
tesy of the Boston Suffrage league, 
and to express my regret that I am 
prevented from undertaking a service 
which it would be my joy and pride to 
attempt, if it were prudent. 

To be thus associated, even by an 
humble performance, with the great 
name and fame of William Lloyd Gar- 
rison would gratify my sense of obli- 
gation. When I was a boy I was a 
reader of the Liberator, and a fre- 
quent attendant at meetings of the 
Abolitionists. I heard Mr. Garrison 
speak on two or three occasions. He 
had a share in forming my early opin- 
ions, was, indeed, one of my educators 
whose influence abides. If through a 
long service as a writer for newspa- 
pers, I have preserved, as I trust I 
have, a sincere purpose to speak the 
truth with courage in ari matters af- 
fecting liberty and human rights, it is 
due in large part to the example of his 
absolute obedience to the heavenly vi- 
sion. 

The first words I heard from Garri- 
son's lips, the opening sentences of an 
address delivered at a meeting of the 
Anti-slavery society in anniversary 
week, about 1S5G, were, as my mem- 
ory recalls them, these: "Some per- 
sons say they are abolitionists, but 
are not Garrisonian abolitionists. I 
am a Garrisonian abolitionist and ex- 
pect to be one as long as I live." 



When our young David clialleuged 
the Goliatli of slavery, li'arni;d men, 
pious men, men having a stake; in the 
country, cried out against his temer- 
ity. He was ma<l; he was impious; 
he was a traitor; he liad a devil. Be- 
sid(>s, he was obscure, unschooled, 
egotistical and dangerous. They did 
not, and could not, ajjprehenfl the 
compelling soul of the journeyman 
printer. 

These blind judgments have had 
abundant, echoing rehearsals in mis- 
taken souls. Always there are those 
who fancy they can give God lessons 
in making history. Today wiseacres 
tell us how the American conscience 
— "drunk with cotton and the New 
York Observer," as Phillips said: 
would surely have destroyed slavery 
if there had been no Garrison. They 
demonstrate to their own contentment 
that he was an obstac:e lo emancipa- 
tion—as if the Almighty did not know 
what he was about wnen he let the 
Liberator be established. The useless 
diversion of ex post facto reformers 
is to invent gentler means of over- 
throwing tyranny than the plagues of 
Egypt, the dagger of Brutus, the de- 
capitation of Charles, the American 
Revolution, the French terror, the an- 
ti-slavery agitation, and the Russian 
strikes. Let us with saner modesty 
accept (he thing that is apparent— the 
mountain which old earthquakes lift- 
ed into the sky, the hero-prophet who 
cried aloud for righteousness in a per- 
verse and wicked generation, who 
would not retreat and who would be 
heard. 

Garrison was the morning star, 
forerunner of Lincoln, the glorious 
sun of emancipation. Phillips said of 
Lincoln that he went up to God with 
four million broken shackles in his 
hands. Honest Abe must have ac- 
knowledged, what the Lord well 
knev.-. that they were not his trophies 
only, but Garrison's also. 

Respectfully yours. 

WALTER ALLEx\. 

Mr. Bradford, formerly a trustee of 
Atlanta university said in part: It 
was given to Garrison to be in his day 
and generation one of the chief in- 
struments under God to abolish hu- 
man slavery. It is given to us in our 
day and generation to perfect the 
work of emancipation by assuring to 
the freedmen the fullest enjoyment of 
the rights, privileges and responsibil- 
ities of citizenship. It may not be 



48 



ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 



given to any of us to be a Garrison, 
but it is given to each of us to do, in 
his humble way, the duty that lies at 
his hand with his courage, resolution 
and unselfishness. 

In looking to Garrison for inspira- 
tion, we must look always to the man 
rather than to his methods, we must 
remember that his great influence 
was due to the power of his person- 
ality, rather than to any method em- 
ployed. 

If we would prove ourselves worthy 
followers of Garrison, if we would 
perfect the work he began we must 
prove ourselves likewise fearless and 
resolute self-sacrificing men of action. 
As illustration of the sort of action 
which in my judgment worthily f^-x- 
presses the Garrison love of liber- 
ty and makes for freedom, I want to 
take up your time a moment by refer- 
ring to one or two incidents familiar 
to most of you. 

Once a citizen of Boston was denied 
by the school authorities the right 
to send his children to a public school 
to which he wished to send them. By 
sheer force of a dogged determination 
to have that which he believed was 
his right under the law, he compelled 
the school authorities to admit his 
children to the desired school. He 
thereby not only served himself but 
served the community by his example 
of sturdy independent citizenship. 

There fled to Massachusetts a fugi- 
tive from the injustice of a southi-rn 
state. The Colored men of Massachu- 
setts rallied in his defence and re- 
sisted by every legal means in their 
power his extradition. They failed in 
their immediate object. The fugitive 
was returned south, but the resolute 
concerted action on the part of the 
Colored people of Massachusetts was 
notice to the community at large that 
the Colored men of Massachusetts 
were united in a steadfast purpose to 
protect the individual members of 
their race from oppression and injus- 
tice. 

An attempt was made in western 



Massachusetts to establish separate 
public schools for white and Colored 
children. Again the Colored men of 
Massachusetts, chiefly men of Boston 
united to resist the attempt. This 
time their action was successful. 

Looking to other cities we find other 
men of action striving mightly. Hart 
of Washington, striking an effective 
blow at the jim crow car law; Morris 
of Chicago, scoring another against 
the jim crow restaurant. While 
more encouraging of all came, some 
time back, word that the Colored citi- 
zens of Jacksonville, men, women 
and children, had banded together 
and effectively boycotted the jim crow 
cars of that city and that a similar 
concerted movement was literally on 
foot in two towns in Texas. With 
such civic virtue, such sturdy spirit 
of independence, there can be no 
question of the ultimate result. 

Mr. Bradford closed by saying he 
believed the customs of prejudice will 
be forced from their places by the 
new vigorous civic virtue that is or- 
ganizing in our midst like the cling- 
ing oak leaves are by the fresh leaf- 
bud in spring. 

The Crescent male Quartette, com- 
posed of Messrs. C. A. E. Cuffee, Jas. 
E. Lee, Wm. H. Richardson and Dr. I. 
L. Roberts sang well "Lead Kindly 
Light." The Mendelssohn quartette, 
composed of Mrs. Carrie Bland Sheler, 
Mrs. J. Patterson Rollins, Mr. T. Wil- 
cott Swan, Mrs. B. J. Ray, accompan- 
ist, sang sweetly, "To Thee, O Coun- 
try." 

While the collection was beins tak- 
en up, Mr. John W. Hutchinson sang 
one of his anti-slavery songs. 

At the close of the meeting, Mr. 
Nathaniel Butler, an aged man, who 
worked in the Liberator office, and 
Mrs. Hudson, who was a fugitive 
slave under the name of "Betsey 
Blakely," were introduced to the audi- 
ence. 



EVENING SESSION, 730 O'CLOCK 



The closing session of the Citizens' 
two days' celebration came at 7.30 
Monday night at Faneuil Hall, and it 
was a fitting climax to the other great 
sessions, made so by the memorable 
and inspired oration by Rev. Revcrdy 
C. Ransom and by an audience that 
filled well nigh every crevice in the 
great Faneuil Hall. 

It was preceded by a short parade 
over the route over which the "Broad- 
cloth" mob of 1835 dragged the body 
of the great Abolitionist. Company L, 
6th regiment, Massachusetts Volunteer 
Militia, led by the Chief Marshal. 
Capt. George W. Braxton came from 
the armory through Scollay square, 
followed by the Robert Goiild Shaw 
Veterans where members of Robert A. 
Bell Post 134, members of the com- 
mittee and other citizens, men, women 
and children, fell in line and marched 
down Court street, into State. into 
Devonshire, to Faneuil Hall, Company 
L presenting arms as the rest marched 
into the hall amid great applause. 
Company L then filed into the gal- 
lery and took the front row of seats 
on the right side, being liberally ap- 
plauded. 

Meantime the large Commonwealth 
Band, Mr. William A. Smith, leader, 
composed of Colored musicians was 
rendering a most excellent concert, 
the pieces being: March, Fanfanie, 
Von Suppe: waltz, La Bacarolle, 
Waldteufel; Overture. lustspiel. Kela- 
Bela; exr-erpt^ from "Woodland," Lud- 
ers. 

At 8 o'clock Mr. Joshua A. Craw- 
ford, chairman of the Centenary com- 
mittee of the Boston Suffrage League, 
opened the meeting. After a fervent 
prayer by Rev. M. L. Harvey, pa.'^tor 
of thp Morning Star Baptist church, he 
spoke in part as follows: 

The name of Garrison has always 
awakened in us the deepest feeling of 
gratitude and affection. He labored 
to the end that we might enjoy the 
privileges and freedom we esteem so 
highly today. 

His life makes one of those mar- 



velous chapters in the history of our 
country that excites the woiujcr and 
admiration of the civilized worbl. A 
high priest in the cathedral of lilxuty 
and freedom, he raised the cross ol 
a new crusade and bore it triumphant- 
ly through opposing hosts to the 
Mecca of equal rights and freedom to 
all men. 

To confirm the freedom his efforts 
secured, to protect the citizenship they 
conferred, to protest against every 
wrong, to agitate for and demand all 
of our rights wherever the flag of our 
country flies, is our solemn duty and 
dearest hope. 

It has been our constant effort to 
prove that he did not labor in vain. 
We have been ever mindful of the 
fact that we are in the midst of a 
great moving, pushing, breathing civ- 
ilization and we are moving on, push- 
ing on and battling on with it, ask- 
ing nothing l)ut those rights and priv- 
ileges that are freely given to all oth- 
er loyal and patriotic sons and daugh- 
ters of the Republic. 

No other age, no other civilization, 
no other people have placed so many 
milestones along the turnpike of hu- 
man progress in so short a while as 
this, our own people. 

We need not be discouraged. So long 
as the men, women and children of 
our race of all walks of life, as they 
are rei)resented in this effort, are will- 
ing to lay aside all things to do hom- 
age to the memory of one who did so 
much for them, the time will yet come 
when we may say in truth, that the 
sun in his journey shines over no peo- 
ple more free, more happy or more 
prosperous than this our own people. 

Rev. W. H. Scott, president of the 
Boston Suffrage League was then in- 
troduced. He said in part: 

We are here today to honor a man 
who has done much for mankind. 
Wm. Lloyd Garrison was one of the 
greatest champions of freedom. He 
knew no creed, race nor nationality, 
but man. Garrison was a man destined 
to be a leader among men; he was a 



5° 



ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 



man who could not be bullied nor ca- 
joled. We are more than glad that 
the Garrisonian spirit has been re- 
vived, in these days when northern 
minions and southern rapersof thecon- 
Uitiilion, are telling the Negroes to 
A'ait and learn how to vote and when 
(hey shall have become rich and mil- 
lionaires, then, and not until then, 
shall they haVe the right to vote. Mr. 
Uarrison was a man who made no 
compromises of surrendering man- 
hood. They wanted him to let the 
question of slavery alone; because he 
had no right to disturb the conditions 
which were accepted; that it was 
mere foolishness that he could expect 
to do anything for the slave, even the 
scholarly and learned Edward Everett 
thought that Garrison and his follow- 
ers ought to be suppressed by the 
state and nation. But Garrison was 
firm — "I am in earnest. I will not 
equivocate. I will not excuse. I will 
not retreat a single inch. And J will 
be heard." These words tell what the 
man was. Others might have doubts 
but Garrison never; others might say 
it is impossible to overthrow that 
which was intrenched in state anrl na- 
tion. The thousands of spindles of 
Lowell and Lawrence were fed bv the 
unnquited toil of the half-starved and 
brutalized slave of the south. What 
did the "Broadcloth" mob care for 
the cries and woes of the Negroes so 
long as their pockets were being 
filled with gold? They justified them- 
selves by saying he is better off than 
if he were in Africa. So does the 
robber say that the man or woman 
whom he has robbed that he should 
be rlad that he had escaped with his 
life. Mr. Garrison was too much for 
the slave olii'archy. He knew no mas- 
ter 'Mit God. He believed in the Fa- 
therhood of God and the brotherhood 
of man. He heard the cry of Kossuth 
for the Hungarian, the cry of the 
starving Irishman, he heard the cry 
when Greece was pleading for her 
rights, he heard the crv when the 
Quaker was helping the poor Indian 
He loved man because man was God's 
noblest creation. Mr. Garrison start- 
ed a paper .Jan. 1, l,s:;i. which was to 
voice the sentiments th. were to ul- 
timately triumph over this monster 
Ivvo years later he started the anti- 
slavery society in Philadelphia. He 
was the sun in this solar svstem 



around which all was to revolve. The 
northern dough-faces trembled before 
him just as Felix before Paul when 
he "reasoned of righteousness, tem- 
perance and judgment to come." 

What a blessed day was the 10th 
of Dec. 1805. when it was announced 
that a man-child was born. We hail 
the day with thanksgiving and glad- 
ness. Let the ten millions of Ne- 
groes tell their children and their 
children's children about the man and 
the day. We hail him as the deliver- 
er of the TTnited States of America, 
both black and white, for every slave 
had one white man chained to him. 
Let all races, peoples and nations re- 
joice with us for this man whom GoJ 
has given to the world. 

Rev. Scott declared the Boston Suf- 
frage league was organized to secure 
the ballot and would not disband un- 
til Colored Americans could vote as 
freely in Mississippi as in Massachu- 
setts. (Applause.) 

Chairman Scott then called upon the 
secretary of the Boston Suffrage 
League's committee, Wm. M. Trotter, 
who read letters from Maj. Wesley J. 
Furlong, Mr. Louis A. Fisher, who 
sang at Mr. Garrison's funeral. Rev. S. 
M. Crothers, Geo. V. Leverett, Esq., 
Maj. Chas. P. Bowditch, Mr. A. A. Esta- 
brook, the Wendell Phillips Club, Wen- 
dell Phillips Garrison, Joseph K. 
Hayes. Jr., and Secretary Loeb, reply- 
ing to the invitation that was extend- 
ed to President Roosevelt and regret- 
ting on behalf of the President that of- 
ficial business would make it impossi- 
ble for him to attend, and from Gov.. 
Douglas. 

Mme. Nellie Brown Mitchell, wife ol 
Capt. Charles L. Mitchell, and one of 
the singers at the funeral of Mr. Gar- 
rison, sang Kipling's Recessional, ac- 
companied on the piano by Miss Geor- 
gine Glover, and resi)onded to the en- 
core demanded with "Face to Face" 
most feelingly and sweetly rendered. 

At this juncture, the venerable an- 
ti-slavery singer. Mr. John W. Hutch- 
inson, entered with his wife and son 
and was given an ovation that lasted 
several minutes. 

Next came the Centennial Ode. a 
beautiful poem composed for the oc- 
casion by Mr. W. S. Braithwaite. Bos- 
ton's talented poet, and read by the 
author. 



'-'I^I'N oi' WII.M \M 1,1,. )\ I) (; AKKi.so.x 



5» 



'THE LIBERATOR." 



'Twas nineteen hundred laleful vcars 

ago 
A slim youns' Syrian girl riiililliMJ ijic 

Word, 
And saw in dreams across tiie windless 

snow 
The years aechiim the Baby's voice slie 

heard. 
The world enfranchised from the bond 

of sin 
In dear remembrance keeps a festival; 
Wherever man may be in hut or hall 
The spirit of this season enters in. 
O. little Child, who smiled on Mary's 

knee 
Why do the Nations bow and worship 

Thee? 
The world is yet a place of wrongs and 

woes — 
And Faith and Doubt in conflict still 

oppose. 
0, questioning Time, Man's soul will 

answer three: 
Christ died to make men free! 



II. 



One hundred stirring years ago today 
There grew the mystery of another birth. 
God heard the supplicating bondmen 

pray 
And sent another saviour to the earth. 
He grew a dreaming boy among his 

hills 
And wondered at the freedom Nature 

gave 
To winds and clouds and the far echo- 
ing wave; 
But his heart sorrowed at his brother's 

ills. 
Whose souls of a diviner essence made 
Was yet less free than soulless beast 

or bird. 
He saw a vision in his humble trade, 
And his soul heard God spealv the 

deathless word; 
And all his thoughts and deeds became 
A fiery flame 
To burn the tyranny 
And set men free I 
The young republic from the wrecks 

of war 
Arose self-destined to i)rotect the 

sovereign man. 
"We stared affixed as the bright i)olar 

star 



For human rights." tlic Coiistiiu- 
tioii rail. 
And far away across the; suruiiig seas 
The suffering hordes of Europe 
dreamed of peace 
And set their visions westward, where 
the States 
Threw o'leu wide the poitals of 
their gates 
And cried to all liie world: "Conie in, 
come in. 
Ye who are trodden by the feet of 
kings, 
Ye who are grievously taxed, but can- 
not win 
A voice in your own c-ouiitry's 
councillin.gs; 
C"onK> hither where your hire is your 

tool, 
W'liere no man's bond — where all 

may rei.gn and rule." 
The old world listened at the strange 

new song 
Of freedom, beyond the sunset in the 

sea — 
While east and west the plying; slav- 
ers flee — 
And only God and one man knew the 
thing was wrong. 
And HO lie strove with brave, indig- 
nant speech: — 
A John the Bautist in the wilderness. 
He saw the ideal freedom out of 
reach 
Till twice two million slaves could 

rise and bless 
Their nation's flag. And so the con- 
scienceless 
Soul of his own country he sought 
to sting- 
To a self-realization of its shame. 
While the worst of Rome and Egypt 

in its midst was flourishing. 
He won a few disciples to his cause 
Who preached the fiery gospel of his 
word — 
Sublimely indifferent to the laws. 
Until the indicted people stopped and 

hoard. 
"What projihet is this come out of 

Galilee 
To set a people free 
And make as sifting sands the foun- 
dations of the free?" 
So grew the an&rj' cry 
Of passions mounting high. 
And rhey smote him for the truth 
of their own inicpiity. 



52 



ONE HUNDREDTH AXXITERSARY 



III. 



Yea, they mobbed him and deridej. 
Called him traitor and a madmajn— 
Yea, the Str.te and Church decided 
Him a radical and bad man: 
But he put his trust in God and saw 

the right, 
And kept his great unswerving pur- 
pose to the end. 
The end!— WTien the will of God did 

smite, 
And set the house against Itself to 

succor and defend! 
From the most northern hamlet up in 

Maine 
That lay among the woods, echoing 

the calling sea, 
And traveling like the sound of windy 

rain 
Southward where the Gulf winds 

shake the Palmetto tree. 
And westward to the golden fields o{ 

hope 
Where some lone miner digs the allur- 
ing slope 
Arose the sounds of war. 
The billowing armies rolling from afar 
Of every corner of each Northern state 
Went into battle to preserve the 

Union's fate. 
And so two years the thunder rolled 

and broke, 
And Lincoln's cause seemed lost, 
Till our great hero's voice rose up and 

spoke 
Above the din of guns and sabres 

crossed: 
"Unyoke the bondmen if ye hope to 

save 
The Union from an ignoble grave." 

IV. 

The great Commander listened, and 
the war became 

A crusade in his name: 

And Farragut and Grant and Sheridan, 

And that white-souled, angel-boy 
Robert Shaw 

Who led such troops none ever led be- 
fore, 

Went forth as his apostles to the van, 

And fought their battles for the rights 
of man. 

And thereby saved the Union. 

At last when down beneath the horizon 

The blood-smoked clouds of battle rol- 
led away. 

And Grant had clasped in peace the 
hand of Lee, 

Because Garrison had dared to do and 
say 

Four million slaves stood free! 



How shall we name him now, this 

holiest man? 
Whose memory we gather to revere? 
Has ever unerring Nature in her plan 
So wrought his likeness on this trou- 
bled sphere? 
One with Mazzini, but of larger mould, 
One with Garibaldi, yet more bold. 
One with Cavour, without self-seeking 

greed, 
One with Kossuth, but wider in hii 

creed, 
One with Cromwell, yet more simply 

wrought, 
Franker in act and sublimer in thought 
One with Kosciusko, but greater than 

the Pole 
Because he saw the Universal Race 

within the sonl. 
One alone in perfect nature, heart and 

soul apd mind. 
He stands with Christ, the perfect lover 

of Mankind. 

Mr. Charles H. Taylor then read 
with magnificent effect the salutatory 
of The Liberator. This was followed 
by a solo sung by Miss Genevieve Lee 
with much charm and expression and 
the audience called insistently for an 
encore, to which she responded with 
a gracious bow, as the time was pass- 
ing. The song was "Grass and Roses," 
Miss Bertha Raunian on the i)iano 
and Mr. A. Portuando on the violin. 

Capt. Charles L. Mitchell, now 76 
years old. who was a compositor on 
Mr. Garrison's paper, the Liberator, 
and wlho was an officer of the 55th 
Mass. Regiment, stepped forward and 
read the following address: 

"The boon of a noble human life can- 
not be appropriated by any single na- 
tion or race. It is a part of the com- 
monwealth of the world, — a treasure, 
a guide and an inspiration." How ap- 
proi)riate is this aphorism in its appli- 
cation to the life and character of Wil- 
liam Lloyd Garrison! During the 
years of his earthly activity, he left 
an indelible impress for good in the 
community in which he lived. His 
kindness of heart, his sympathetic na- 
ture, his strong friendship, his mag- 
netic personality, his quick perception, 
his untiring energy and his unselfish 
devotion to duty will ever remain as a 
treasure, a guide and an inspiration. 

In the activities of life it seemed as 
if he wa.s animated by a single thought, 



r.IR'l'H Ol' WILLIAM LL( )\ D CARRISON 



S3 



(iuty. and supplementing this thought 
by the energy of his activity, he threw 
into the cause of anti-slavery all of 
the moral and religious enthusiasm o[ 
his heroic nature. 

My acquaintance with Mr. Garrison 
dates back to the year 1853, fifty-two 
years ago, when I came to Boston from 
Hartford, Conn., and applied to the 
Liberator office, then located at 21 
Cornhill, for a position as compositor. 
During the time that I was employed 
on the Liberator, I know of no one 
whose friendship and esteem I vaJue 
so highly as that of Mr. Garrison's. 
He was always cheerful and hopeful 
even in the darkest hours. His faith 
in the goodness of his cause and in the 
overruling Providence of God was so 
absolute that he was calm and cheerful 
alike under clear or cloudy skies. 

As a type setter, I found Mr. Gar- 
rison one of the most rapid and cor- 
rect compositors that I ever met, and 
many of the editorials in the Liberator 
were set up by him at the case without 
having first been written out on paper. 
Mr. Garrison's presence in the printing 
office was like sunshine in a shady 
place. The many annoyances almost 
inevitable in a printing office never 
disturbed his serenity. An excellent 
printer ajid careful proof-reader, he 
took great pride in the make-up and 
typographieal accuracy of the Libera- 
tor, and often made-up and corrected 
the forms with his own hands. On the 
evening preceding publication day he 
would frequently insist oa the printers 
going home whiie he remained until 
a late hour to prepare the forms for 
the press. In very many ways his 
sweet and gracious spirit, and his 
thoughtfulness for others, were made 
manifest, and thus it was that he en- 
deared himself to all. 

I am reminded that over twenty-six 
years have passed since Mr. Garrison's 
death, and that the following persons 
served as pall-bearers at the funeral: 
Wendell Phillips, Samuel Ma^'. Sam- 
uel E. Sewell, Robert F. Wolcott, Theo- 
dore T. Weld, Oliver Johnson, Lewis 
Hayden and Charles L. Mitchell, of 
whom I am the only survivor. The 
closing exercises of the funeral took 
place at the Forest Hills cemetery, 
Wednesday, May 28tli. It was a per- 
fect spring afternoon. The air was 
fragrant with budding blossoms, when 
just as the sun was sinking in the 
western horizon, reflecting back its 
serene beauty upon the scene, seem- 
ingly a parting benediction of Heaven's 



approving smile npon the life work of 
William Lloyd Garrison, that the 
pall bearers tenderly lowered all that 
was mortal of the great anti-slavery 
leader into the grave, whilst the (|uar- 
tette rendered the beautiful selection, 
with words commencing, "I cannot al- 
ways trace the way. But this I know 
that God is Love." 

At the close of Mr. Mitchell's ad- 
dress the chairman said that like 
Chairman DeMortie at the afternoon 
session, following the old custom at 
anti-slavery meetings, he would have 
a collection lifted for the cause of 
freedom, meanwhile the band played. 

Then came the climax and the 
sensation of the meeting, indeed 
of the whole celebration, the ora- 
tion by Rev. Reverdy C. Ransom. 
Of it the Boston Transcript said in its 
news reports: "It was an address by 
a Negro orator— a fitting close to the 
two-day celebration of the William 
Lloyd Garrison centenary — that stir- 
red a crowded audience of Negro men 
and women in Faneuil Hall last even- 
ing as no white speaker has been able 
to stir them throughout the whole se- 
ries of Garrison addresses at previous 
meetings yesterday and on Sunday. 
They cheered, they shouted, they threw 
their handkerchiefs and hats into the 
air. They were for a few minutes in 
a tumult of enthusiasm and fervor, 
and Rev. W. H. Scott, who was pre- 
siding, had to call on the band to aid 
him in restoring order. The speak- 
er was Rev. Dr. Reverdy C. Ransom 
of the Charles Street A. M. E. church. 
Like the other speakers he had re- 
viewed their escape from the oppres- 
sion of the past, but he told them 
frankly of the oppression of the pres- 
ent, and aroused their fervor by his 
own vehemence in pointing the way 
out of it." 

The applause was simply tremend- 
ous, frequently compelling the speaker 
♦o pause for several minutes. At its 
close the scene was indescribable. Wo- 
men wept, men embraced each other. 
Guests on the platform rushed upon 
the orator with congratulations, the 
program was forgotten and only the 
playing of the band restored order and 
made it possible to proceed. Many 
said no better oration had ever been 
delivered in Faneuil Hall in its whole 
history. 

Rev. R. C. Ransom said in full: 



54 ONE HUNDREDTHS ANNIVERSARY 

THE CtlNTENNIAL ORATION— "WM. LLOYD GARRISON." 



We have assembled here tonight to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the 
birth of William Lloyd Garrison. Not far from this city he was born. With- 
in the gates of this city, made famous by some of America's most famous 
men, he spent more than two-thirds of his long and eventful career, enriching 
Its historv and adding to the glory of .'ts renown. This place, of all places, is 
in keeping with the hour. It is most appropriate that we should meet in Fan- 
euil hall, the cradle of American liberty, a spot hallowed and made sacred by 
the statesmen, soldiers, orators, scholars and reformers who have given ex- 
pression to burning truths and found a hearing within these walls. Of all 
people it is most fitting that the Negro Americans of Boston should be the 
ones to take the lead in demonstrating to their fellow-citizens, and to the 
world, that his high character is cherished with affection and the priceless 
value of his unselfish labors in their behalf, shall forever be guarded as a sa- 
cred trust. 

Only succeeding generations and centuries can tell the carrying power ot 
a man's life. Some men whose contemporaries thought their title to enduring 
tame secure, have not been judged worthy in a later time to have their names 
recorded among the makers of history. Some men are noted, some are dis- 
tinguished, some are famous, only a few are great. 

The men whose deeds are born to live in history do not appear more than 
once or twice in a century. Of th'- millions of men who toil and strive, the 
number is not large, whose perceptible influence reaches beyond the 
generation in which they lived. It does not take long to call the roll of honor 
of any generatk)n, and when this roll is put to the test of the unprejudiced 
scrutiny of a century, only a very small and select company have sufficient 
carrying power to reach into a second century. When the roll of the centur- 
ies is called, we may mention almost in a .single breath, the names which be- 
long to the ages. Abraham and Moses stand out clearly against the horizon 
of thirty centuries. St. Paul from his Roman prison, in the days of the Caesars, 
is still an articulate and authoritative voice, Savonarola rising from the ashes 
of his funeral pyre in the streets of Florence still pleads for civic righteous- 
ness; the sound of Martin Luther's hammer nailing his thesis to the door of 
nis Wittenburg church, continues to echo around the world; the battle cry of 
Cromwell's Ironsides shouting, "The Lord of Hosts!" still causes the tyrant 
and the despot to tremble upon his throne; out of the Ore and blood of the 
French Revolution, "Liberty and Equality" survive; Abraham Lincoln comes 
from the backwoods oi Kentucky and the prairies of Illinois, to receive the ap- 
proval of ail succeeding generations of mankind for his Proclamation of 
Emancipation; John Brown was hung at Harper's Ferry that his soul might 



lilKI'Ii OV \VII,1,I\M l.l.()\|) CAkklSON 55 

go marching on in the tread of everj' northern regiment that lought for the 
"Union forever;" William Lloyd Garrison, mobbed in the streets of liostou for 
pleading the cause of the slave, lived to sec freedom triumph, and tonight, a 
century after his birth, his name is cherished, not only in America, but around 
the world, wherever men aspire to individual liberty and personal freedom. 

William Lloyd Garrison was in earnest. He neither temporized nor com- 
promised with the enemies of human freedom. He gave ui) all those comforts, 
honors and rewards which his unusual talents would easily have won for lilm, 
in behalf of the cause of freedom which he espoused. He stood for righteous- 
ness with all the rugged strength of a prophet. Like some Elijah of the Gil- 
ead Forests, he pleaded with this nation to turn away from the false gods it had 
enshrined upon the altars of human liberty. Like some John Baptist crying 
in the wilderness, he called upon this nation to repent of its sin of human 
Slavery, and to bring forth the fruits of its repentance in immediate emancipa- 
tion. 

William Lloyd Garrison was born in Newburyport. Mass.. Dec. 10, lSu5 
He came of very poor and obscure parentage. His lather, who was a sea- 
faring man, early abandoned the family for causes supposed to relate to hiii 
Intemperance. The whole career of Garrisor was a struggle against poverty. 
His educational advantages v/ere limited. He became a printer's apprentice 
when quite a lad, which trade he learned. When he launched his paper, "The 
Liberator," which was to deal such destructive blows to slavery, the type was 
set by his own hands. The motto of the "Liberarur" was "Our country is the 
world, our countrymen mankind." 

Garrison did not worship the golden calL His course could not b(i 
changed, nor his opinions influenced by threats of violence or the bribe of 
gold. Money could not persuade him to open his month against the truth, or 
buy his silence from uncompromising denunciation of the wrong. He put 
manhood above money, humanity above race, the justice of God above the jus- 
tices of the supreme court, and conscience above the constitution. Because, 
he took his stand upon New Testament righteousness as taught by Christ, he 
was regarded as a fanatic in a Christian land. When he declared that "he 
determined at every hazard to lift up a standard of emancipation in the eyes 
of the nation, within sight of Bunker Hill and in the birthplace of liberty," he 
was regarded as a public enemy, in a nation conceived in liberty ana dedi- 
cated to freedom. 

Garrison drew his arguments from the Bible and the Declaration of Inde 
pendence, only to be jeered as a wild enthusiast. He would not retreat a sin- 
gle inch from the straight path of liberty and justice. He refused to purchase 
peace at the price of freedom. He would not drift with the current of the pub- 
lic opinion of his day. His course was up stream; his battle against the tiue 
He undertook to create a right public sentiment on the question of freedom, a 



56 ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 

task as great as it was difficult. Garrison thundered warnings to arouse the 
public conscience, before ttie lightnings of his righteous wrath and the shafts 
of his invincible logic wounded the defenders of slavery in all the \"ulnerable 
joints of their armor. He declared: "l^et southern oppressors tremble — let 
their secret abettors tremble; let their northern apologists tremble; let all the 
enemies of the persecuted blacks tremble." For such utterances as these his 
name throughout the nation became one of obloquy and reproach. 

He was not bound to the slave by the ties of race, but by the bond of 
common humaniiy wliich he considered a stronger tie. In his struggle for 
freedom there was no hope of personal gain; he deliberately chose the path- 
way of poverty and financial loss. There was set before his eyes no prospect 
of honor, no pathways leading to promotion, no voice of popular approval, 
save tliat of his conscience and his Gou. His friends and neighbors looked up- 
on him as one who brought a stigma upon the fair name of the city in which 
he lived. The business interests regarded him as an influence which dis- 
turbed and injured the relations of commerce and of trade; the church op- 
posed him; the press denounced him; the state regarded him as an enemy of 
thf! established order; the North repudiated him; the South burned him in ef- 
tigy. Yet almost single-handed and alone. Garrison continued to fight on. de- 
claring that "his reliance for the deliverance of the oppressed universally is 
npon the nature of man, the inherent wrongfulness of oppression, the power 
of truth, and the omnipotence of God." After the greatest civil war that ever 
Immersed a nation in a baptism of blood and tears. Garrison, unlike most re- 
formers, lived to see the triumph of the cause for which he fought and every 
Blave, not only acknowledged as a tree man. out clothed with the dignity and 
powers of American citizenship. William Lloyd Garrison has passed from us, 
Dut the monumental character of his work and the influence of his life shall 
never perish. While there are wrongs to be righted: despots to be attacked; 
oppressors to be overthrown; peace to find and advocate, and freedom a 
voice, the name of William Lloyd Garrison will live. 

Those who would honor Garrison and perpetuate his memory and his 
fame, must meet the problems that confront them with the same courage and 
In the same uncompromising spirit that Garrison met the burning questions -^l 
the day. Those who would honor Garrison in one breath, while compromising 
our manhood and advocating the surrender of our political rights in another, 
not only dishonor his memory, not only trample the flag of our country witn 
violent and unholy feet, but they spit upon the grave which holds the sacred 
dust of this chiefest of the apostles of freedom. 

The status of the Negro in this country was not settled by emancipation; 
the 15th amendment to the constitution which it was confidently beiieved 
would clothe him forever with political influence and power, is more bitterly 
opposed today than it was a quarter of a century ago. The place which the 



niR'l'II OF \VII,I.I\M l,l,()\l) (iARKISoN 57 

Negro is to occupy is sUll a vital ami burning quesuou. The uowspaper press 
and magazines are full of it; literature veils its discussion of (.he tlieme under 
tlie guise of romance; political campaigns are waged with this question as a 
paramount issue; it is written into the national platform of great political par- 
ties: it tinges legislation; it has invaded the domain of dramatic art, until to- 
day, it is enacted upon the stage; philanthropy, scholarship and religion are, 
each from their point of view, more industriously engaged in its solution than 
they have been in any previous generation. If the life and labors of Garrisoiv 
and the illustrious men and women who stood with him, have a message for 
the present, we should seek to interpret its meaning and lay the lesson to 
heart. 

The scenes have shifted, but the stage is the same; the leading characters 
have not changed. We still have with us powerful influences trying to keep 
the Negro down by unjust and humiliating legislation and degrading treat- 
ment; while on the other hand, the Negro and his friends are still contending 
(or the same privileges and opportunities that are freely accorded to other cit- 
izens whose skins do not happen to be black. We, of this nation, are slow to 
team the lessons taught by history; the passions which feed on prejudice and 
tyranny can neither be mollified nor checked by subjection, surrender or com- 
promise. Self-appointed representatives of the Negro, his enemies and his 
would-be friends are pointing to many diverse paths, each claiming that the 
one he has marked for his feet is the proper one in wMch he should walk. 
There is but one direction in which the Negro should steadfastly look and but 
one path in which he should firmly plant his feet — that is toward the realiza- 
tion of complete manhood and equality, and the full justice that belongs to an 
American citizen clothed with all of his constitutional power 

This is a crucial hour for the Negro American; men are seeking today to 
fix his industrial, political and social status under freedom, as completely as 
they did under slavery. As this nation continued unstable, so long as it rest 
ed upon the foundation stones of slavery, so will it remain insecure as long 
as one-eighth of its citizens can be openly shorn of political power, while 
confessedly they are denied "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness." We 
have no animosity against the South or against southern people. We would 
see the wounds left by the war of the rebellion healed; but we would have 
them healed so effectually that they could not be trodden upon and made to 
bleed afresh by inhuman barbarities and unjust legislation; we would have 
the wounds of this nation bound up by the hands of those who are friendly to 
the patient, so that they might not remain a political running sore. We would 
have the bitter memories of the war effaced, but they cannot fade while the 
spirit of slavery walks before the nation in a new disguise. We, too. would 
have a reunited country; but we would have the reunion to include not only 
white men North and South, but a union so endearing, because so just, as to 



58 ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 

embrace all of our fellow-countrymen regardless of section or of race. 
President Roosevelt in one of his addresses to ttie Colored people, while 
on his recent southern tour, has advised us that instead of agitating tor our 
rights, we should apply ourselves to the fulfilment of our duties. This is no 
aew doctrine; it was taught by Jesus Christ who never once discussed the doc- 
crme of human rights. Christ spoke of duties. Joseph Mazzini, tna 
great Italian patriot, taught his fellow-countrymen that the way to secure their 
liberation was through the fullilment of their duties. By the fulfilment of 
duty, Mazzini meant something quite different from what President Roosevelt 
seems lo nave nad in mind. He taught that it was not simply a man's right 
to be free, but that it was his duty, because God had created him to enjoy iree- 
dom, and therefore, he would make himself an instrument of thwarting the 
ends of his Creator if he permitted without resistence his freedom to be taken 
awaj 

It is not a man's right, it is his duty to support and defend his family and 
his home; he should therefore resist any influence exerted to prevent him 
from maintaining them in comfort; while he should oppose with his life the 
invader or despoiler of his home. God had created man with a mind capable 
of infinite development and growth; it is not, therefore, a man's right, it is 
his duiy to improve his mind and to educate his children; he should not there- 
tore, submit to conditions which would compel them to grow up in ignorance. 
Man belongs to society; it is his duty to make his personal contribution of the 
best that is within him to the common good; he can do this only as he is giv- 
en opportunity to freely associate with his fellowman. He should, therefore, 
seek to overthrow the artificial social barriers which would intervene to sep- 
arate him from realizing the highest and best there is within him by freedom 
of association. It is a mans duty to be loyal to his country and his flag, but 
when his country becomes a lana of oppression and his flap an emblem of in 
justice and wrong, it becomes as much his auty to attack the enemies within 
the nation as to resist the foreign invader. Tyrants and tyranny everywuere 
should De attacked and overthrown. 

This is a period of transition in the relations of the Negro to this nation. 
The question which America is trying to answer, and which it must soon def- 
initely settle is this: What kind of Negroes ao the American people want? 
That, they must have the Negro in some relation is no longer a quesiion o» 
serious debate. The Negro is here 10,000,000 strong, and for weal or woe, he 
is here to stay — he is here to remain forever. In the government he is a po- 
litical factor; iu c\iucation and in wealth he is leaping forward with giant 
strides; he counts his taxable property by the millions, his educated men and 
women by the scores of thousands; in the bouth he is the backbone of Indus 
try; In every phase of American life his presence may be noted; he is also as 
tnoroughly imbued with American principles and ideals as any class or people 



r.IRTTT OI'- WILLIAM I,I,()\|) CARRLSOX 59 

Deneatn our flag. When Garrisou started his tight for freedom, it was tne 
prevailing sentiment tliat the Negro could have no place in this country save 
that of a slave, but he has proven nimst'lf to ix" more vaUial)lc as a fr(!o man 
than as a slave. What kind of Negroes do the American people want? Do 
they want a voteless Negro in a republic founded upon universal suffrage? 
Do they want a Negro who shall not be permitted to participate in the govern- 
ment which he must support with his treasure and defend wiili his b!o(»r.' Do 
they want a Negro who shall consent to be set apart as forming a distinct in- 
dustrial class, permitted to rise no higher than the level of surfs or peasants? 
Do they want a Negro who shall accept an interior social position, not as a 
degradation, but as the just operation of the laws of caste based upon color' 
Do they want a Negro who will avoid friction between tne races by conseuring 
10 occupy the place to which white men may choose to assign him? What 
kind of a Negro do the American people want? Do they want a Negro who 
will accept the doctrine, that however high he may rise in the scale of char- 
acter, wealth and education, he may never hope to associate as an equal with 
white men? Do white men believe that 10,000,000 blacks, after having im- 
bibed the spirit of American institutions, and having exercised the rights of 
free men for more man a generation, will ever accept a place of permanent 
inferiority in the republic? Taught by the Declaration of Independence, sus- 
tained by the constitution of the United States, enlightened by the education 
of our schools, this nation can no more resist the advancing tread of the hosts 
of the oncoming blacks, than it can bind the stars or halt the resistless mo- 
tion of the tide 

The answer which the American people may give to the question pro- 
posed cannot be final. There is another question of greater importance which 
must be answered by the Negro, and by the Negro alone. What kind of an 
American does the Negro intend to be? The answer to this question he must 
seek and find in everv field of human activity and endeavor. First, he must 
answer it by negation. He does not intend to be an alien in the land of his 
birth nor an outcast in the home of his fathers. He will not consent to hit 
elimination as a political factor; he will refuse to camp forever on the borders 
of the industrial world; as an American he will consider that his destiny is 
united by indissoluble bonds with the destiny of America forever; he will strive 
less to be a great Negro in this republic and more to be an influential and use- 
ful American. As intelligence is one of the chief safeguards of the repuolic, 
he will educate his children. Knowing that a people cannot perish whose mor 
als are above reproach, he will ally himself on the side of the forces of right 
eousness; having been the object of injustice and wrong, he will be the foe ol 
anarchy and the advocate of the supremacy of laAv. As an American citizen, 
he will allow no man to protest his title, either at home or abroad. He wiU 
insist more and more, not only upon voting, but upon being voted for to oc- 



6o ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 

cupy any position within the gift of the nation. As an American whose title 
to citizenship is without a blemish or flaw, he will resist without compromise 
every law upon the statute books, which is aimed at his degradation as a hu- 
aian being and humiliation as a citizen. He will be no less ambitious and as- 
piring than his fellow-countrymen; he will assert himself, not as a Negro, but 
as a man: he will beat no retreat in the face of his enemies and opposers; his 
gifted sons and daughters, children of genius who may be born to him, will 
make their contribution to the progress of humanity on these shpres, accept- 
ing nothing but the honors and rewards thaf belong to merit. What kind of 
an American does llie Negro intend to be? He intends to be an American who 
will never mar the image of God, reproach the dignity of his manhood, or tar- 
nish the fair title of his citizenship, by apologizing to men or angels for asso- 
ciating as an equal, with some other American who does not happen to be 
mack. He will place the love of country above tlie love of race; he will con- 
sider no task too difficult, no sacrifice loo great, in his effort to emancipate his 
country from the unChristlike feelings of race hatred and the American bond- 
age of prejudice. There is nothing that injustice so much respects, that Amer- 
icans so much admire, and the world so n>uch appiauds, as a man who stands 
erect like a man, has the courage to speak in the tones of a man, and to fear- 
lessly act a man's part. 

There are two views of the Negro question now at last clearly delineu. 
One is that the Negro should stoop to conquer: that he should accept in si- 
l«snce the denial of his political rights; that he should not brave 
the displeasure of white men by protesting ^'lien he is segregated In 
humiliating ways upon the public carriers and in places of pub- 
lic entertainment; that he may educate his children, buy laud 
aud save money; but he must not insist upon his children tak- 
ing their place in the body politic to which their cliaracter and intelligence en- 
title them; he must not insist on ruling the land which he owns or farms; he 
must have no voice as to how the money he has accumulated is to be expended 
through taxation and the various forms of public improvement. There are 
others who believe that the Negro owes this nation tio apology for his pres- 
ence in the United States; that being black he is still no less a man; that he 
should not yield one syllable of his title to American citizenship; that he 
should refuse to be assigned to an inferior plane by his fellow-countrymen; 
thougn I'oes conspire against him and powerful friends desert him, he should 
refuse to abdicate his sovereignty as a citizen, and to lay down his honor as a 
man. (Wild applause, cries of "Ransom, Ransom." clieerlng.) 

If Americans become surfeited with wealth, haughty with the boasting 
priae oi race superiority, morally corrupt in the high places of honor and of 
trust, enervated through the pursuit of pleasure, or the political hondmen of 
some strong man plotting to seize the reins of power, the Negro American will 



BIRTH OF WILLIAM LLOA'D CARRISOX 6i 

continue his steadfast devotion to the Hag, and the unyielding assertion of his 
constitutional rights, that "this government of the peoijle, for the people and 
by the people, may not perish from the earth." 

It is so marvelous as to be like a miracle of God, to behold the transform- 
ation that has taken place in the position of the Negro in this land since Wil- 
liam Lloyd Garrison first saw the light a century ago. When the Negro had 
no voice, Garri.son pleaded his cause; tonight the descendants of the slave stand 
in Faneuil hall, while from ocean to ocean, every foot of American soil is ded- 
icated to freedom. The Negro American has found his voice; he is able to 
speak for himself; he stands upon this famous platform here and thinks it no 
presumption to declare that he seeks nothing more, and will be satisfied with 
nothing less than the full measure of American citizenship 

I feel inspired tonight. The spirits of the champions of freedom hover 
near. High above the stars, Lincoln and Garrison, Sumner and Phillips, Doug- 
lass and Lovejoy, look down to behold their prayers answered, their labors re- 
warded, and their prophecies fulfilled. They were patriots; the true saviours 
of a nation that esteemed them not. They have left us a priceless heritage. 
Is there to be found among us now one who would so dishonor the memory of 
these sainted dead; one so lost to love of country and loyalty to his race, as 
to offer to sell our birthright for a mess of pottage? W^hen we were slaves, 
Garrison labored to make us free; when our manhood was denied, he pro- 
claimed it. Shall we in the day of freedom be less loyal to our country and 
true to ourselves than svere the friends who stood for us in our night of woe? 
Many victories have been won for us; there are still greater victories we must 
win for ourselves. The proclamation of freedom and the bestowal of citizen- 
ship were not the ultimate goal we started cut to reach, they were but the be- 
ginnings of progress. We, of this generation, must so act our part that a cen- 
tury hence, our children and our children's children may honor our memory 
and be inspired to press on as they receive from us untarnished the banner of 
freedom, of manhood and of equality among men. 

The Negro went aboard the ship of state when she was first launched up- 
on the uncertain waters of our national existence. He booked as a through 
passenger until she should reach "the utmost sea-mark of her farthest sail." 
When those in command treated him with injustice and brutality, he did not 
mutiny or rebel; when placed before the mast as a lookout, he did not fall 
asleep at his post. He has helped to keep her from being wrecked upon the 
rocks of treachery; he has imperiled his life by standing manfully to his task 
while she outrode the fury of of a threatening sea; when the pirate crafi of 
rebellion bore down upon her and sought to place the black flag of disunion at 
her masthead, he was one of the first to respond when the captain called all 
hands up on deck. If the enemies of liberty should ever again attempt to 
wreck our ship of state, the Negro American will stand by the guns; he will 



62 



ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 



not desert her when she is sinking, but with the principles of the Declaration 
of Independence nailed to the masthead, with the nag afloat, he would prefer 
rather to perish with her than to be numbered among those who deserted her 
when assailed by an overwhelming foe. If she weathers the storms that beat 
upon her, outsails the enemies that pursue her, avoids the rocks that threaten 
her, and anchors at last in the port of her desired haven, black Americans and 
white Americans locked together in brotherly embrace, will pledge each other 
to remain aboard forever on terms of equality, because they shall have learned 
by experience that neither one of them can be saved, except they thus abide in 
the ship. 

For the present our strivings are not in vain. The injustice that leans 
upon the arm of oppression for support must fall; truth perverted or sup- 
pressed gains in momentum while it waits; generations may perish, but hu- 
manity will survive; out of the present conflict of opinion and the differences 
of race and color that divide, once the tides of immigration have ceased to flow 
to our shores, this nation will evolve a people who shall be one in purpose, one 
In spirit, one in destiny — a composite American by the co-mingling of blood. 



When the applause following the 
oration had subsided. Company L filed 
down from the gallery and marched 
out through the center aisle with the 
band playing and the audience ap- 
plauding. 

Mrs. Olivia Ward Bush then read the 
Emancipation Proclamation and the 
13th Amendment, a.s showing the end 
of the Liberator's work, its publication 
being ended at that time. 

After this Mr. Edward Everett 
Brown made an impassioned short ad- 
dress. He said in part: 

Mr. President and Fellow Citizens: 
It is fitting that we should assemble in 
historic Faneuil Hall, where the great 
battles of our race and humanity have 
been fought, to pay our tribute of love 
and respect to the sainted memory of 
that grand, fearless uncompromising 
defender and champion of the rights 
of man, justice and equality, William 
Lloyd Garrison. 

No man who truly loves his race 
and is interested in its highest so- 
cial, commercial, political, intellectual 
and moral advancement, could fail to 
respond to the call of duty in such a 
sacred cause as we have met tonight 
to honor and draw lessons of inspira- 
tion from his noble life and self-sac- 
rificing character. 

The Negroes of America owe more 
to Garrison than to any other man 
who lived during that stormy period 
that tried men's souls. 



He was hated, persecuted and mob- 
bed for us, but his courage never failed 
him, never for a moment did he lose 
interest in the mighty cause of human 
freedom and liberty for the poor, de- 
si)ised black slave to whom he had 
consecrated his life. 

If it had not been for Garrison we 
would probably have never had the 
eloquent Phillips pleading our cause 
at the great bar of public opinion. Be- 
cause it was that disgraceful scene 
witnessed by Phillips in Court street, 
Boston in 1835, when Garrison was be- 
ing dragged through the streets by 
the Broadcloth mob that enlisted the 
sympathy of Phillips and from that mo- 
ment he became a convert to the anti- 
slavery cause. 

In spite of the sacrifices of blood and 
treasure, caused by the great war of 
the rebellion, the Negro citizens of 
America are still the victims of unjust 
persecution: race hatred and discrimi- 
nation, disfranchised, robbed of the 
ballot, that priceless heritage of Ameri- 
can citizenship, denied the right of 
trial by jury, shot down, lynched a»nd 
murdered without even the form of a 
trial. 

I believe that a sentiment will go 
forth from this historic hall that will 
arouse the seared hearts, and con- 
sciences of the American people to give 
the Negro fair play, justice, equal op- 
portunity, equal rights under the sacred 
constitution of our country. 



BIRTH Ol'' W'lI-l.lAM l,l,()\|) CAKKISOX. 



63 



The chairman of the committee on 
Resolutions, Mr. T. P.Taylor, called 
upon Rev. J. W. Hill, secretary of the 
committee on resolutions, to read 
them, before doing so narrating brief- 
ly his experien(!e in helping save Wen-, 
dell Phillips from the mob at the 
Smith Court Synagogue in ISCO. 

The Resolutions Adopted. 

Whereas: — On this memorable 
occasion we are filled with grati- 
tude to God, who hath given us 
a grand opportunity to unite 
with a host of friends throughout the 
country in the observance of the One 
Hundredth Anniversary of the birth 
of the Pioneer in the work of the 
abolition of American slavery, William 
Lloyd Garrison; and are ghiid to re- 
call to memory the history of one 
who when a young man of twenty-four 
years, thought deeply on the subject 
of human oppression and decided that 
the curse of American slavery should 
be removed from the land. Mr. Garri- 
son became inspired with a strong de- 
sire and determination to lift his voice 
and wield his pen in behalf of the 
bondman, and with courage to go forth 
almost single handed to demand for 
the enslaved race, "Immediate and Un- 
conditional Emancipation." With a 
strong faith in the possibility of suc- 
cess he began his life work fearing 
neither opposition nor danger that 
threatened him all the way. 

We are reminded, a,s we reverently 
tread the path over which the excited 
mob dragged his body, that Mr. Garri- 
son bore with calm fortitude the insult, 
still believing that his cause was just, 
and that eventually "right would tri- 
umph over might." We will gladly re- 
member that his love of country and 
desire for Universal Freedom, led him 
to place on the pages of the earliest 
edition of the "Liberator," his motto: 
"Our country is the world; our coun- 
trymen are all mankind," and to be 
known as a foe to every form of op- 
pression. Therefore be it 

Resolved: — That, as we renew 
memories of the anti-slavery 
struggle. we rejoice that to 
our oppressed race as a grand re- 
sult of the agitation the Day of Free- 
dom dawned, the prison doors were 
opened, the chains loosened and the 
oppressed walked forth to freedom 
forever on American soil. 

Resolved: — That we gratefully record 
anew appreciation of the labors of 
William Llovd Garrison and the host 



of earnest men and women who, with 
their true friend and lesuler, worked 
incessantly during the dark hours of 
slavery and lived to hall with joy the 
sending over the land the ICmancijia- 
tion Proclamation giving freedDiii to 
four millions of bondmen, who took 
up the joyful news and shouted to all 
around the welcome words, "We're 
free, we're free." 

Resolved:— That we will often bring 
to the young people the memory (jf the 
past, and lead them to trace the his- 
tory of the Ne.gro-American, and from 
year to year record the wonderful pro- 
gress made since the day that civil 
and politicaj opportunity was given 
them. It shall be our aim to place in 
every household a memento of this 
occasion, bearing a likeness of Wil- 
liam Lloyd Garrison, with many of 
his sayings that shajl be remembered 
by succeeding generations. 

Resolved: — That we deem this a fit- 
ting time to bring to the wives and 
mothers of our country the beautiful 
example of fidelity as seen in the life 
of the sainted companion of Mr. Gar- 
rison, who encouraged him in his work 
and proved herself a true helpmate, 
sending him in the midst of his dark- 
est hours while sheltered in the jail 
from the fury of an angry mob, the 
message "I know my husband will not 
betray his principles," this too, when a 
young wife and mother, surrounded 
by a little family that missed the lov- 
ing presence of a devoted husband and 
father. 

Resolved: — That we urge the 
wives and mothers of our land 
to impress on the minds of 
the young people the lessons of moral 
courage and adherence to good princi- 
ples that shall prepare them for the 
duties of life; making them to stand 
for the Right at all times, and that we 
consider it our duty to encourage them 
in their efforts by our renewed deter- 
mination to uplift the race with whom 
we are identified, — until they shall 
overcome all obstacles to success, and 
enjoy the rights that belong to every 
citizen of the United States. And 
finally be it 

Resolved: That we reconsecrate 
ourselves to the great ideal of Free- 
dom, for which Garrison suffered im- 
prisonment and even risked his life 
and reaffirm our belief in his method 
of destroying evil by exposing its hide- 
ous nature and denouncing its perpe- 
trators, being as he was. "as harsh as 
truth and as uncompromising as jus- 



64 



ONE HUNDREDTHS ANNIVERSARY 



tice;" and, with millions of our fellows 
in the new bondage of peonage and of 
disfranchisement in the south, we 
pledge ourselves to seek their freedom 
through agitation, adopting as our 
motto his words, "I am in earnest; I 
will not equivocate; I will not retreat 
a single inch, and I will be heard." 

Then Mr. William Lloyd Garrison, 
Jr., a grandson of the Abolitionist, 
made a brief and witty speech which 
delighted the audience, especially his 
reference to William Lloyd, the 4th. 
Mr. Wm. Lloyd Garison, Jr.. said in 
part: — It would be presumptuous in 
me to attempt to speak after the mag- 
nificent and convincing oration of the 
speaker of the evening. (Applause.) 
This I do wish to say. All Garri- 
sons love liberty. (Applause.) All 
Garrisons are firmly convinced of the 
certain advancement of the Colored 
race in America to its high destiny. 
(Applause). To give an earnest of my 
belief in my tradition I want to tell 
you that I have taken care to perpet- 
uate the name of the man whose 
anniversary vou celebrate tonight in 
perhaps the surest way. That name 
is now borne by my 4-year-old boy 
(Laughter) who promises, judging 
from his present activity to become 
a greater agitator than even his 
great grand sire. 

At the conclusion of these re- 
marks the applause and mirth lasted 
several minutes and did not subside 
until, on request, Mrs. Garrison, the 
mother of the baby, stood up and 
was seen. 

The great crowd had remained 
though the hour was late. C. G. Mor- 
gan had declined to speak on that ac- 
count. Then came up a cry of "Hutch- 
inson," which showed what the audi- 
ence wanted. The venerable singer 
was greeted with three rou.'^ing cheers. 
He made a brief speech, saying in 
part: 

This is a sacred place to me. It has 
been since 1842. when we .ioined with 
the abolitionists in their grand con- 
ventions in this place. Mr. Garrison 
always had some notice in his paper 
when we were traveling over the coun- 
try. I remember that one time in St. 
Louis the mayor, after one of our con- 
certs said, "You are an abolitionist; 
you have no business here; get out of 
the city. You will have no protection 
here," and we left in a hurry. We 
went straight into Chicago where we 
were received with oyen arms. I re- 



member in New Haven some slave 
sympathizers in the gallery hissed us. 
My brother, Judson. rose deliberately 
and said: "There are no snakes in Ire- 
land, but there are some geese in 
America." 

He told of an incident in England 
when the Hutchinsons went to Eng- 
land with Frederick Douglass, and 
when he sat with them at the table. 
Then he sang "The Car Emancipa- 
tion," which evoked much laughter, 
being supported by his wife and son, 
who .ioined in the chorus. 

The chairman of the committee ap- 
pointed in the afternoon to see the 
mayor reported that the wreath had 
been restored. 

Mr. Moses Newsome was then 
asked by the chairman to speak, but 
the hour being late, and the audience 
anxious to get away, he desisted, and 
Rev. Byron Gunner pronounced the 
benediction, after wkich Secretary 
Trotter brought Mrs. Hudson to the 
front of the stage and explained she 
was once a fugitive slave, and was 
"presented" to Mr. Garrison at a Fan- 
euil hall anti-slavery meeting 50 years 
ago. 

Thus ended the greatest meeting of 
Colored people in Boston since the 
Emancipation Proclamation and the 
enactment of the loth amendment, in 
the opinion of the old resiednts, and 
the greatest celebration Boston Col- 
ored people ever had. 

The members of the Columbia Glee 
club who were present to sing were: 
Chas. A. E. Cuffee, Geo. B. O'Brien, 
John D. Allston, first tenors; J. E. 
Lee, Chas. L. Wliite, Chas. Johnson, 
J. B. Waters, second tenors; Wm. H. 
Richardson, Edw. Rollins, J. Sherman 
Jones, Julius B. Goddard, first basses; 
Dr. I. L. Roberts, Wm. H. Hamilton, 
J. R. McClenney, second basses; J. 
R. McClenney, musical director; Win. 
H. Hamilton, manager. 

The members of the Common- 
wealth band which rendered such ex- 
cellent music are: Wm. A. Smith, lead- 
er; J. H. Barkley, R. Birch, Chas. 
Butcher, Joseph Bonner, D. W. Chest- 
nut, G. L. Cephas, Joseph De Lyons, 
T. J. Hamilton, Wm. Howard. M. 
Hayes, J. E. Johnson, John Lee, treas- 
urer, Chas. Sheppard, Dr. Scott, B. S. 
\> iiite, Luther White, secretary, J. M. 
Grigsby, Chas. Thomas, John Cook, 
L. T. B. Howard, Thos. Bovell. W. B. 
Burrell, C. F. Chandler. C. H. Bark- 
ley, Jr., Mr. Clay. 



The Citizens Committee of the Two 
Days Celebration 



s^ 



The niovenu'iU lor ;i public observ- 
ance of the Centenary of Wni. I>loyil 
Garrison was first conceived and an- 
nounced by the Boston Suffrage 
League, at a meeting hehl in tlu> rooms 
of the Charles Sumner llei)ublican 
club, 634 Shawmut avenue, on Nov. 
29, 1904, at which time a committee 
was appointed. This made the Bos- 
ton movement the pioneer in the 
country. Nothing was done, however, 
till the next year, when at a meeting 
of the league, Oct. 17, 1905. held at 
the same place, a new committee of 
twelve members was appointed by the 
President, Rev. Wm. H. Scott, to ar- 
range for a celebration aird to seek 
the co-operation of all the citizens 
of Greater Boston. 

The first meeting of the League's 
Committee was held at the establish 
ment of Mr. J. A. Crawford, the chair- 
man, 894 Tremont street. Oct. 25th, 
1905, and subsequent meetings were 
held at the establishment of Mr. Chas. 
A. Seales, 626A Shawmut avenue. The 
first meeting of the Citizens Commit- 
tee was held at Love and Charity 
hall, 1042 Tremont street, Sunday, 
Nov. 19, 1905, and was largely attend- 
ed, the use of the hall being donated 
by the Brothers and Sisters of Love 
and Charity, through the intercession 
of Mr. Walter Thomas. Sub-commit- 
tees of the Citizens Committee were 
appointed on Arrangements. Printing, 
Reception, Finance, Decoration, Music, 
Resolutions and Wreath. 

Meetings and adjourned meetings of 
these sub-committees were held in the 
parlors of Mr. and Mrs. D. H. Minei-, 
31 Holyoke street; Mr. and Mrs. Rob- 
ert Ransom, Ifi Holyoke street; Mrs. 
Lucy Groves, 389 Northampton street; 
Dr. and Mrs. S. J. Fewell, 92 West 
S|n-ingfield street; Mr. and Mrs. Rob- 
ert Lee. 3fi7 Northampton street; 
Capt. and Mrs. Charles L. Mitchell, 24 
Sherman street, and Mrs. Arianna C. 
Sparrow, 75 Camden street. 

By invitation of the League's Com- 
mittee, the session at St. Monica's 
Home, 125 Highland street, Mr. Garri- 



son's homestead, was taken charge of 
by St. .Monica's Aiil S<'wing Circle and 
St. Monica's Relief Association; the 
session at the Smith Court Syna- 
gogue (which place was secured 
through the kind intercession of Mr. 
H. Crine of Brookline) by the Boston 
Literary and Historical Association 
and the St. MarU Musical and Literary 
Union, and th(> morning session at Fan- 
euil Hall l)y the Colored Veteran As- 
sociations and Women's Clubs. The 
meetings of this last committee were 
held in the parlors of Commander and 
Mrs. A. Ditmus. ('.7 Phillips street, and 
of Mrs. Hannah C. Smith, 371 North- 
ami)ton street. 

The members of the Citizens Com- 
mittee by sul)-committees were: 

Committee of Arrangements 

Mark K. De.Mortie, Cliairmau. I'liilip 
J. Allston. secretary. J. K. Audiews, 
Joseph Hutler. Albert Brown, ('apt. 
Geo. W. I'.raxton. Win. (;. P.iitler. T. V.. 
Bowser. 10. \\. Brown, (ieorge Belts. T. U. 
r.ird, Stephen Brown. .1. \V. Buchanan. S. 
Boulware. Mrs. S. Boulware. W. A. I'.land, 
Simon Ball. Miss Beulah Butler. Mrs. Mary 
Barnett. Henry Batchelder. Mrs. Henry 
Batchelder. Marshall Bridget t. .1. A. (raw- 
ford, V. K. Chisholm. Mrs. Uobt. Carter 
T. S. Calvin. Kdw. Christian, I",. M. Clary, 
Mrs. 1. K. Chai)man. Alexander Cotlen, 
Wm. H. Dupree. Mrs. K. Davenport. James 
Epps. L. A. Kichelburge. Catherine Free 
man. George C. Freeman, A. J. Foye. Mrs. 
A. J. Foye. Mr. Foye. Dr. Wm. H. Gilbert, 
Jesse Gocde, W. O. Goodell, George S. Glov- 
er Wm. N. Goode, Uobt. Hemmings. Wm. 
n. Holden. li. S. Hicks. W. I'. Hare. W. A. 
Hemmingway. Mrs. W. A. Hemmingway. 
M. F. Hamlin. Sam'l Jackson. T. V. .lones. 
A. V. Jones. IMmund K. Jones. A. W. Jor- 
dan. Mrs. Annie Jenkins. Eugene A. Jack- 
son. Mr. Jackson. A. P. .lones. Henry Jones, 
Mrs. Mary Johnson. .\sa B. Kountze. Dr. 
Henry I^ewls. W. M. Lash. Dr. W. C. I.ane, 
I'eter I.attimore. John D. Ludkins. W. W. 
Mercer. J. E. Martin. Mrs. M. A. Mc.\doo, 
Sam'l Merchant. Guy Outlaw. Win. I'egram. 
Geo. N. Rainey. Luke V.. Ueddick. Wm. 
Hilev. l". A. Kidley, Mrs. Mary Selden. Bev 
M. A. \. Shaw. Wm. H. Smith. .Miss Mary 
Richards. Rev. Wm. H. Scott. Walter \V. 
Sampson. Mr. and Mrs. Stephens. Walter .1. 
Stephens. Henry Sport. I>ouis F. Smith. W. 
C. Tucker. Mrs. Virginia Trotter. Henry A. 
Turner. Allen Thompson. S. Tasco. Mrs. W. 
n. Thomas. Miss R. 10. Thompson. Sam'l 
Washington. J. C. Westmoreland. J. H. 
Walden. Milton Walker, .\. B. Wentworth, 
J. H. Wolfe. Lewis IL Williams, Mr. and 



66 



ONE HLLXDRKDTH ANNIVERSARY 



Mrs. S. K. Wilson, .1. S. P.ailey, Louis F. 
Baldwin. James \V. Council. James C. John- 
son, Franklin Furr. Mrs. C. O. Morgan, 
Thomas Morgan, W. A. Richardson. Mrs. 
Rosetta Robinson, Mr. and Mrs. S. William- 
son, (ieo. M. Wright. Miss A. L. Andrews. 
Joseph 1>. Auijustine. W. L. Urown. Josepli 
liailey, Mrs. J. W. Brooks, Mrs. Samuel 
Busli. ilrs. James F. Banks. Miss Fstella 
Banks. Mrs. Rachel J. Brown, Mrs. F. 
Booker. ('. M. Bonneau. James D. Brum- 
mell. Mr. and Mrs. Harry ('. Cornish, Mr. 
and Mrs. Chas. R. Cain. S. J. Davis, Mrs. 
Courtney Dozier, Mr. and .Mrs. William 
Foster. Mrs. Z. R. Fountain. Mrs. Fsther 
Faulkner. Horace J. (Jray. .Mr. and Mrs. 
Ijaban C. llouser, Mrs. John R. King, 
Joseph S. Kemp. Mrs. Susan L. Kernj). Mrs. 
Mary King. Miss Willie Lewis. Mrs. Daniel 
H. Miner. Mrs. l'"mery T. Moi-ris. Mrs. Ma- 
i-iil r. Miiwhry. Mrs. Fsther Fierce. William 
I'arker. Mrs. Jerusha F. Ross. .Mrs. G. L. 
Robinson. Mrs. Alice Y. Scott, .Mrs. Lurenia 
Stallion. W. F. Svkes. Mrs. Nellie A. Stith, 
Dr. D. W. Sherrod. Mrs. ^L^ry J. Selby. 
Mrs. Julia A. Tynes. Mrs. Matilda Thomas, 
Mrs. L. A. Weston. 

Committe\2 on Decoration. 

Mrs. Katherine Lee. Chairman, S. D. 
Anderson. John Adams. Mrs. ICmily All- 
ston. Fred'k F. Allston, Henrv Anderson 

C. A. Averett. W. II. Beckett. \i. H. Book- 
er, Mr. and Mrs. S. F. Bishop, T. P. Cole 
man, Mrs. J. C. Chnpnelle. J. Cohen, Mrs 
U. Coursey. J. (). iredle. .Mis. Annie Chase, 
Mrs. Drummond. Mis. W. II. Dupree. F. t". 
nickerson, R. F. Dyuinnd. Mrs. .Maiv Dan- 
drldge. T. J. Fwlng. Mrs. L. L. Foy, Ernest 
Feutado, Mr. and Mrs. L I'. Fern. James 
French. \\'. Fitzgerald. Mrs. R. Fenney, 
Mr. Farnam, (i. K. Fitzgiles. C. II. (ireeii, 
Mrs. M. Crant, J. Guthrie, F. Gaston Hill! 
J. R. Hamm, Mrs. .Mary Howard. lOrnesl 
Holmes. I'rnest Hodges. J. T. Hardy, I'eter 
llnnscombe, .Mrs. A. C. Hawthorne. Annie 
i:. Harris. Sgt. Homer. Mrs. Clias. II. Hall. 
T.. N. ITlcks. H. Henderson. Mr. and Mrs 
W. L. Holly. I). B. Harrell. Mrs. Hicks, 
Georce W. Johnson. George W. .lohnson, R 
J. J'jnes, J. S. Jenkins, Mrs. Rachael John- 
son, Monroe Johnson. .Mr. and Mrs. W. A. 
Johnston. Mrs. Joseph King. Warren King! 
Mrs. Loul.se Ken.iwil, A. B. Lattlmore, Mrs. 
Fannie Lonon, George W. Lewis, W. 1*. 
I-owls. IT. IL Johnson, John Leary, Mrs. 
Joseph Lee, Mrs, Marv Jackson, Harrv 
Lewis, Mrs. I,. Lomax. Mrs. G. IL Lvnch. 
Andrew B. Lattlmore, >L J. Morris. Alfred 
Mafhias. R. j. Morris, J. Monroe, Isaac Man 
uel. Mrs. L. Marstellar, Mrs. G. C. Mavnard. 
Henry Murrav, Z. Moody, W. IL Mclntlre. 
IL M. Murray, R. S. Melvin, S. McKInney, 
J. r. Nelson. W. G. Norrls. J. F. O'Brien, 
W S. Patrick. Mrs. B. Perkins. Mrs. Rich- 
ardson, J, Peake. S. Perkins, Mrs. I'dlth L 
Pile. J. Rowlv, W. Russell. Miss Su 
sle K. Raymond, W, IL Richardson, Nicho- 
las Rhone, Roswell Roles, Mr. Atlas Skin- 
ner, W. S. Sparrow, W. II. Surrey. T. G 
S'huyler, Mrs. J. Fills Shaw. .lohn R 
Suggs, Thomas W. Swan, W. B. Smith, J. 

D. Sheldin, L. Spottswood, J. Sanchez, V.. 
Sharp. Walter Thomas. T. Thomas, Mr. 
and Mrs. A. B. Tavlor. W. W. Tavlor. Mrs. 
Fannie Taylor, B. Tinslev. Miss Susie Upton, 
Mrs. Elizabeth Wilson, B. F. Washington, 
a. F. Wilson. A. W. Wood. l". S. (i. Wright, 
A. J. White, W. Watkins, W. Walker, S, 
'". Wood, Wm. IL Wilkes. James IL West, 
Miles Whitney, W. H. Wilson. Harrv F. 
Wilson. F. Whittaker, Mrs. Sarah Wright. 
A. White. W. S. Wilson. Alex Young. John 
Allstc.n. Eddie Armstead, Mrs. Rosa II. 



P.arnett. James (). Davis. A. L. Edwards, 
Elmo F. Furey. Richard Jones, Wm. J. 
Lindsay. Mrs. Fannie Marable. G. B. Me 
Kenzie, Mrs. Mary J. Mercer, W. S. Price, 
C. C. Pelham. L. J. (Juarles. 1'. !S. Spencer, 
Mrs. Georgie Simmons, W. H. P. Thorn- 
ton, J. L. Wedger, T. J. Williams. 

Resolutions Committse. 
T. p. Taylor, chairman, J. w. Hill sec- 
retary, W. Allston, Esq., Mrs. Agnes Adams 
,L Henderson Allston, Mrs. Octavia J. Arm- 
stead. William O. Armstrong, J. H. Bryant, 
Robert W. Brown, Montague Burley. D, w! 
Bates, M. R. Browne, 10. D. Brown, Dr! 
i:. P. Brown. Miss Maria L. Baldwin, J. li. 
Bourne, William G. Butler. Gertrude Baker" 
Arthur Bodene, W. Stanley Braithwaite' 
Christopher Branum. W. II." Batum, W. s'. 
Carpenter, Oliver R. Crump, Robert F. 
Coursey, David Crawford, Lee M. Carring" 
ton. Dr. W. A. Cox, Mrs. E. E. Casneau, 
W. Chapman, George P, Dabney, C. S.' 
L»i.xon, Rev. J. H. Duckery. I'hilip Down- 
ing. J. II. Edwards. Dr. S. C. Fuller, Leon- 
ard Ford, J. Wesley Furlong. Dr. George 
F. Gram. M. (ioolsby. Miss i:iiza (Jardncr, 
Horace Gray, Jr., William B. (Jould Sr 
Fred J. Hemmings. J. C. Holmes, Wi'lliaiii 
II. Hardy, Andrew C. Hall, Rev. Johnson 
Hill, Mrs. Addle Jewell. W. Hall Jackson, 
Rev. W. D. Johnson, Charles King, James 
A. Lew, John T. Morris. Charles Mainjoy 
Lawrence C. Miller, D. II. Mllllgan, Gi-an- 
ville Martin. J. II. MacKenzie. N. B. Mar- 
shall, J. F. McKenney, Emery T. Morris 
C. G. .Morgan. .Moses .Newsome. William' 
Pleasant, Mr. Pegram. i:imer Poyer, C. H 
Pierce. Freeman A. Perkins, Dr. T. W. Pat- 
iicJ{. Raymond L. Phillips, (i. W. IJahn. 
William T. Ritchie. S. P. Randall, Clarence 
Robinson, Henry Rullin, Dr. H. W. Ross 
.Mrs. F. R. Ridley. S. R. Rhone. Rev. A. k' 
Spearman. Mr. Seco, Mrs. Hannah Smith 
M'ss Ilattle Smith. Thomas C. Scottron' 
J. B. Stokes, Rev. P. T. Stanlford, Mrs. A 
Sparrow. A. II. Scales. Edward Slater, Mrs 
Susie Klnc Ta^ ..ir. Wllliatn Tarbv. Maude 
Trotter. B. R. Wilson. Esq.. Rev. J. H. 
^^ilev. William IL Wilson. Rev. David R. 
^Aallace. Benianiln Washington. W. O. 
West. CaiU. William J. Williams, Mr. West. 
Mrs. Jessie Weynian. 

Committee on Finance. 

Or. S. J. Fewell. Chairman. C. R. Sheler, 
Scciciaiy. .Mrs. (;eoruie .\iigustiiie. John 
Bunks, J. A. Brown, C. S. Brown, Wm. A. 
Bemberg, Jas. E. Binns, James F, Banks, 
II. IL o. Burwell. Rev. J. D. Bloice, Mrs. 
Matthew Banks, Rev. W. II. Burrell, C. IL 
Crawford. Rev. S. A. Carrlngton, A. J. 
Curry. A. Grumpier. R. J. Cox, J. II. 
Chandler Rev. S. J. Comfort, John Charles 
ton, Mrs. David Chestnut, Squire Clark, 
.Miss Annie Chapman, R. Crawford, Mrs. J. 
W. Council. Luther Dandridge. G. W. Da- 
vis. M'. IL Davis. .Miss Diamond. Wm. Daw- 
kins. W. II. Davis, Washington Diggs. J. 
IL Dugger. Mr. Joseph Dorsev. Mrs. Mary 
Dunson. A. 1 1. Dixon. Mrs. Maf' Daven- 
norf. Jas. A. Devlne. Fdw. A. DItm ts. E. R. 
DeLong. A. L. Fove. Mrs. CliarloIIe France, 
Mr. A. J. Fassett. Rev. B. W. Farrls, Pom 
pey Gray, Theodore (iould, Geo. W. Gray, 
James L. CJreen. James 1 1. Gardner. Mrs. 
A. A. Grant. Mrs. Martha Green. E. W. 
Holmes. S. P.. Illggins, Rev. Jesse Harrell, 
T. J. Hamilton. Rev. M. L. Harvey. Rev. 
v.. S. Ilatton, J. Francis Henry. James II. 
Hawkins, Frank Hevwood, (Jilb"rt C. Har- 
ris. S. r> Hutchinson. Frank Hill. 
Mrs. Mary James. Miss Alice James. Wm. 



BlRTli Ol' WILLIAM 1J.()\1) CARULSOX 



<>7 



Jones, Thoodore Jennings, .Tohn .lolmscin, 
Lowman B. Johnson, Mrs. A. W. J.irdiin, 
Mrs. Mary Jolmsou. J. II. Kin^. Joseph 
Ivins. AValrer Kins. H. A. Konswil. William 
U. Kimhall, W. II. KiiiK, Win. O. Lovott, 
Mark C. Loudon, (J. A. Logman, T. F. 
Marlow. Mrs. Knie Miller, Mrs. S. L. Mon- 
roe. Charles K. Woodest, G. W. Morris, 
I'anl Monroe, Geo. W. Mullen, Agnes Me- 
Caino, Alhert McNeil, F. L. Mitchell, Mrs. 
Kate Monroe, Mrs. Kinora Modeste, IL 
Ma.vers. W. S. Moore, Miss Klizabcth Old- 
royd. J. A. rhinney, Mrs. Albert I'arham, 
Mr. C. Parker, Mrs. C. I'arker. William II. 
I'ryor, Uev. L. C. I'arrish, Mrs. li. (". Han- 
som. Dr. I. L. Roberts. Mrs. Marv Kussell, 
Sergt. Hobinson, J. K. Ransom, W. 11. Rob- 
inson, Krskin Roberts, George L. Robinson, 
Nancy Reddick, Mrs. Fmma Spillor. J. 10 
Shaw, Reuben Stephens. Fred A. Smith, 
Rev. F. G. Snelson. Mrs. Ilenrv Si)ort, 
Robt. G. Smith, C. R. Sheler. J. H. Saun- 
ders. A. K. Trusty, Airs. F. Tarbv, George 
F. Thompson, Mrs. lOlmer Thomas, C. W. 
Whaley, Mrs. II. Waddeil. S. K. Wood. 
Samuel Wiuningliam, Mrs. Sarah H. West, 
J. W. Williams, Robert L. Whitlield, Martha 
White, O. W. M. Williams, Mrs. M. A. 
Woodest, Henry Batum. Steward K. llovt, 
A. A. Kiner. C. B. Alanuel, Arthur B 
Quarles, John IL Taylor. 

Committee on Music. 

Julius B. Goddaru, cnairraan. J. M. Ar- 
buckle. J. F. Anderson, ('. T. Bovcll, G. H. 
Barnett, Miss Mary Dembv, John D. Dowse, 
Madam Corbin David, Henry Dixon, G. E. 
Kdmead, Lovett Groves, Miss Marjorie 
Groves, Mrs. Eva Roosa Hutchins, W. IL 
Hamilton. Mrs. W. II. Hamilton, Mrs. Maud 
Cuney Hare, J. Sherman Jones, Ben.iamin 
Janey, Miss (ieorgetta Johnston. Miss Gene- 
vieve Lee, Irving Y. Langston. Wavman 
Jefferson. Mrs. Rachel Johnson, Charles II. 
Johnson. JHss Daisy Jones, James E. Lee. 
J. R. McClenney, James IL Moore, J. Shel- 
ton Pollen, Antonio Portuondo, Prof. John 
F. Ransom. George L. Rutlin, Mrs. Nicholas 
Rhone, Wm. H. Richardson, J. Patterson 
Rollins. Mrs. J. Patterson Rollins. Spencer 
Riley, Mrs. Carrie Bland Sheler, Miss Elean 
era Smith, T. Wllcott Swan, Jr., W. A 
Smith. Chas. Sport, Mrs. Adelaide Smith 
Terry, Garfield Tarrant, Miss Rachel M. 
Washington. Prof. Fred I'. White, W. H. 
Wooten. Miss Georgietta Woodest, Eugene 
Williams, C. P. White. C. E. Wheeler, Mrs. 
Phoebe Glover, Miss Georgine Glover. Mi-s. 
Lillian Reynolds-Ray, Mrs. G. C. Harris. 

Committee on Printing. 

Pauline E. Hopkins, chairman. Dr. 
C. G. Steward, secretary, J. C. An- 
drews. James Anderson, Mr. George Brax- 
ton, M. B. Brooks, John Bumgardner, Geo. 
H. Banks, W. H. Burns, H. A. Brown, Esq., 
Mrs. Cynthia Barnes, Eldridge Baker, Miss 
Lilly Brown. Walden Banks, Mrs. Olivia 
Ward Bush, J. O. Crosswhite, Bernard 
Charles, James Canada, Mrs. Ellen M. Cot- 
ten, L. W. Carter, George R. Crawford, 
F. Cooper, Bud Cummings, Eugene Clark, 
Albert Leroy Curtis, Charles Chapman, PL 
E. Dugan, Samuel L. Davenport, George P. 
Dabney. Lattlmore Duncan, Geo. H. Drum- 
mond, James E. Ebron, Mrs. E. Feutado, 
Charles P. Ford, A. Francis. Henry J. Fai 
son, Leo Felts, E. & E. Gould, W. O. Green, 
W. B. Gould, Jr., David M. Green, Samuel 
M. Garrett, Samuel GriflBn. Dr. John B 
Hall, Chas. E. Hall. Mrs. M. C. Hall, Mrs 
M. E. Harding, Basil F. Hutchins, Mrs 
Jesse Harrell. M. R. Jackson, Dr. T. J 
Jones, Mr. Johnson, Thomas D. Johnson, 



Robert .M. Johnson, Mis. S. A. Jackson, 
.1. R. King. .loseph R. Kleble. William Llv- 
ingsli.n. Itciherl I-:. Lee. B. S. I.cibam. <;eo. 
C. Lewis. Robert P. Lewis. lOlmond Lewis. 
.Miss lOva Lewis, Andrew ('•. Lee, Samuel 
McCoy, Charles P. Morris, Clarence Mc- 
Kay, Herbert Modest, W. T. II. Miller, 
Lewis P. Morris. Jos. McGlll, Mrn. .Mary 
Newsoine, ,1. ,1. .Nichols. Miss Mary Only, 
.Mrs. C. Parrlsh, J. Ilolman Pryor. William 
Perry. .Mrs. Annie Phillips, Luiy 1). Prltch- 
ard. Mrs. Marv Potter, Preston .M. Pero- 
vasl, r. S. powi-li, Miss Ella Kandoljjh, 
Mrs. William L. Reed. R. L. Riillin. I). A. 
Roberts, lOdward Rhone, Charles KIiIuikI- 
son. Mr. Robert Ransom, Mrs. Robert l!un- 
Bom, Alexander Robinson, Mrs. ,Fohn Smilli, 
Chas. L. Smith, Thomas .Scdtlron, Frank 
Smith. Miss .losephine Selden. W. II. Scott. 
C. .1. Shei)ard. I'earl C. Scoltron, Clarence 
J. Smith. Charles II. Scales. T. G. Schuvler. 
Dr. Charles G. Steward. .Mrs. W. M. 'I'rot 
ter. T. G. Tynes. John Thornton. W. II, 
Turner. R. D. White. .Miss Nellie Wilson, 
George W. Washington. Charles Wilson. R. 
C. Wilson. Mrs. Virginia Woods. Arthur 
Woodest. Mrs. F. Williams. Jacob I-. Whit- 
man. Mrs. Marv V. Wood. II. J. Williams, 
Miss Maltie Wiglall. William Wnshin-ion, 
H. A. Walker. John Wilkinson. Mrs. Carrie 
Wormley, Mrs. Maggie Williams. 

Committee on Reception. 

!Madam M. Cravat h Simpson, chairman, 
Mrs. Charles A. King, secretary, An- 
drew Atkinson, Frederick Atkinscm. .1. K 
Anderson. John 10. Ayer, Mrs. I'hilip All- 
ston, Mrs. J. R. Andrews. ('. II. Adams. 
Mrs. C. II. Adams, E. J. Archer, Mrs. E. J. 
Archer, P. L. Brooks. Mrs. P. L. Brooks, 
Mrs. Cynthia Barnes. Mrs. Eli/.a Ben- 
jamin. W. (). Budd, Mrs. W. (). P.udd, 
Mrs. Luella Briggs. Charles II. Ball. 
William Ball. Barry Blakeney. Mrs. 
K. P.anks. Miss R. Barbadoes. R. (). 
Bernard, James Bonner. Mrs. James Bon- 
ner. S. 10. Bishop, Mrs. S. E. Bishop, Robert 
T. Blackman, Mrs. IL Bishop. Joseph Bar- 
nett, Spurgeon Bell, William E. Batum, 
Mrs. Carrie Bodene, Mrs. W. Stanley Braith- 
waite. John Barrows, lOdw. Barrows. John 
Brooks. Samuel H. Bush. Frederick Borden, 
W. H. Bowen. Mrs. Marv E. Bennett. Ceo. 
Benders, J. A. Bell, Mis. Martha Bland, 
.Mrs. J. Barnett. Mrs. F. A. Barker, Dr. 
Samuel E. (^'ourtney. Mrs. J. Cohen. Mrs. 
William Cromwell, R. E. Crusenberry, Mrs. 
E. Caution, A. J. Cord. W. Chapman. Mrs. 
George Crawford. W. II. Colley. Mrs. David 
Crawford. Mrs. Frank R. Chisholm. Mrs. 
John Council. Mrs. J. O. Crosswhite, Mrs. 
Camiibell. J. Chisholm. R. L. Carter, E. L 
Davis, (i. W. Dennis. John IL Dorsey, Reu. 
ben Davis, John W. Douglass. Daniel" Down- 
ing. Mrs. Delia Evans, Robert Ferguson, 
Mrs. Rob.rt Ferguson, Mr. Flood, Miss AI. 

E. Fletcher. W. C. Eessenden, Charles 
Ford, Oscar Fitzwater, Zachariah R. Foun- 
tain. Aliss Ida Gross. Mrs. Lucy (iroves, 
Mrs. (ieorge S. (Jlover, W. H. Gordon. E. 
W. (Joode. Jacob Crrcen, William IL Goode, 
C. H. Garnish. Henry Gibson, Mrs. Dora 
Ilemmings, Mrs. J. O. Ilenson, Mrs. Hardy, 

F. C. Henderson, Frederick S. Hamilton, 
O. A. Hopkins, Simon J. Hall. Jordan Hill, 
.Mrs. William Haywoo(L Mr. Harris, George 
Ilenson. Mrs. H'ene .lurix. .Mrs. Jackson, 
P.. F. Jackson. Julius A. .lordan. Mrs. R. J. 
.lones. Mrs. Rachel Jenkins, Mrs. George 
•lackson. Col. B. J. Jackson. Mrs. N. L. 
Johnson. Mrs. t'harles A. King. Benj. F. 
Kettler. Wesley W. Kennedy. Mrs. Sue So- 
mas. .John Long. Charles E. Legette. Mrs. 
lAicy Lewis. Mrs. L. Lomax, J. L. Lassiter, 



68 



ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 



Edward Lewis, Mrs. Kdward Lewis, P. F 
Marshall, G. A. J. Murray, Mrs. F. L. 
Mitchell, Lewis F. Middletown, Charles Mc- 
Cree M" . and Mrs. C. B. Moore, Sol. L. 
Martin. C. E. MartlO, Chas. II. Moore, Mrs. 
Paul Monroe. George Marshall. J. H. Mc- 
KenKie. A. W. Xelson, Thomas Nelson. Miss 
K. (). Neat, L. K. Pasco. J. I'inkncy. Mrs. 
J. Pinknev. Mrs. T. H. Palmer, 'I'iberius G. 
Phillips, Mrs. W. L. Patrick. A. A. Port 
lock. 1{. A. Russell, Mrs. Cornelia Robinson, 
George Rahn, Mrs. (ieorge Rahn, Miss Ma- 
mie Robinson, Miss Clara Robinson, Mrs 
J. R. Ransom, Mrs. .1. St. P. Ruffln. Scott 
Robinson, Virgil Richardson, C. P, Russell, 
William Shields. J. Kills Shaw, Miss Min- 
nie Smith, Miss C. P.. Stanford, Mrs. F, G. 
SnelsDU. ,iohn Shiner, Amos Spencer, Geo 
Simpson, Mrs. Kmma A. Smith, Jas. E. G. 
Swan. Mrs. ,J. R. Stubbs, Arthur Sharp, 
Mrs J. II. Saunders, W. A. Sears, Alice B. 
Smith. Henry Smith, E. Saunders, Jackson 
Stovall. Mr. and Mrs. Robert Steward. Mrs. 
.7. K. Shaw. .1. I". Stephens, Frank Smith, 
Mr. and Mrs. E. L. Smith, I. H. Scott. 



Miss D. Stewart, Miss Florence Stewart, 
Mrs. Marv E. Townes, William E. Turner, 
W. H. Turner. E. L. Thomas, Mrs. J. C, 
Thomas, James Tucker, Miss Bessie V. 
Trotter. Lewis Terry, Mrs. Jennie Turner, 
J. H. Van ClifT, Mrs. Vlck. W. II. Valen- 
tine, Louis ('. Woi^ds, Joseph W. Younger. 
Mrs. W. Walker. Mrs. William Washington, 
Mrs. John I'. Waters. John M. Wentworth. 
Miss Isabel Walker, C. W. Whalley, Mrs. 
M. Wiikerson. Hall Williams. Mrs. J. W. 
Williams. J. W. White. C. J. Wright, Mrs 
Milton Walker, Edward Wallace, Mrs. Mar- 
garet Williams. Mrs. Rosetta Warmack, 
Mrs. C. Willis, Mrs. A. W. Young, Mrs. Rob- 
ert Young. Mr. and Mrs. John P.ankhead, 
.Mr. and .Mrs. Walter Brown, Mrs. I^mma 
P.utler. Geo. L. Handridge, Miss Ella Da- 
vis. Mrs. ICmma llorton, Geo. S. Ilobson, 
William E. Harvev. Mrs. C. S. Ilarrington, 
Mrs. J. E. Jeffries. Mrs. M. A. Johnson. 
R. E. Russell. Archie Shaw. II. C. Simp- 
son. Mrs. llattie Washington, Henry Wil- 
son. Mrs. .\. Phillips. .Miss C. Williamson, 
Miss M. E. Townscnd. Mrs. M:ny E. Roosa. 



-■''^^^'\9\u\ 



Auxiliary Church Celebrations^ Sun- 
day, December /0th, 1905 

Held in response to Jippeal to Clergymen by Boston 
Suffrage League Committee 



The citizens celebration had no 
sessions Sunday nlsht, which time 
was purnosely left for each church 
to hold a Garrison celebration of its 
own. The part taken by the Boston 
Suffrage league in these Sunday ev'en- 
ing services consisted in issuing the 
following "Appeal to the Clergymen 
of the Tjnited States for Garrison's 
Centenary." 

"To the clergymen of New England 
and of the United States: — The un- 
dersigned, a sub-committee of the 
Garrison Centenary committee of the 
Suffrage League of Boston and vicin- 
ity, under whose auspices a celebra- 
tion is to be held in Boston on Decem- 
ber 10 and 11. believing William 
Lloyd Garrison to be one of the nob- 
lest characters in our country's his- 
tory and one of its greatest benefac- 
tors, as well as one of the world's 
greatest moral agitators, earnestly 
petition you to take cognizance of the 
100th birthday of this great American 
on Sunday, Dec. 10. 

"As representatives of that ele- 
ment, for whose freedom Garrison 
gave the best efforts of his life with 
such success, we appeal to yo,i to 
utilize this occasion to arouse the 
American people to a sense of the 
enormity of the present evil of Ne- 
gro-American serfdom through the 
nullification of those amendments to 
the constitution which are the dearly 
bought fruits of the war for freedom, 
and to start a second Garrisonian 
movement to abolish Negro-American 
selfdom in this land as the first Gar- 
rison movement abolished Negro- 
American chattel slavery in the iiast, 
that it may be in very truth the iand 
of the free.' " 
(Signed) 

EMORY T. :\IORRlS. CamlMidge, 

REV. WM. H. SCOTT. Woburn. 

CHAS. H. HALL, Cambridge, 

Committee. 



This ai)peal was widely disscminai- 
ed and l)ore fruit many miles from 
Boston. In Greater Boston it was 
acce])ted and acted upon with cele- 
brations on Sunday night, Dec. 10, 
by the Twelfth Baptist church. Charles 
Street A. M. E.. St. Paul Bai)tist. 
Morning Star Bai)tist, Calvary Bai)- 
tist of Boston, the Union Baptist of 
Cambridge, Centre Street Baptist of 
Maiden, Zion Baptist of Lynn, Shiloh 
Bai)tist of Everett and others. 
Abridged accounts of such of these as 
could be secui-ed by the committee 
are here given as they were auxiliary 
to, and in that sense a part of, the 
citizens' celebration. 

AT TWELFTH BAPTIST CHURCH, 
PHILLIPS STREET, BOSTON. 



A Garrison Centennial meeting, aux- 
iliary to the Citizens' meeting was 
held at the Twelfth Baptist church, on 
Phillips street of which Rev. M. A. N. 
Shaw is pastor, Sunday night, Dec. 10, 
in response to the appeal of the Boston 
Suffrage League. It was a notable 
meeting, among the speakers being 
Mrs. Lucia Ames Mead, Rev. Charles 
F. Dole, president of the Twentieth 
Century Club, Rev. Francis G. Rich- 
ardson, registrar of the Boston Uni- 
versity School of Medicine, John R. 
Murphy, Esq., Speaker Louis A. Froth- 
ingham of the Massachusetts House of 
Representatives, and Mr. William L. 
Reed, executive messenger to the 
governor. The musical program was 
elaborate, consisting of an augmented 
chorus, a quartet and solos. Mrs. 
Ames was presented with a bouquet 
of cut flowers by Miss Josephine Sel- 
den of the church who made a neat 
speech of presentation. 

Rev. Shaw opened with an eloquent 
tribute to Garrison who used to speak 
from that same pulpit. He spoke of 



7° 



ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 



Garrison's reliance on incessant agita- 
tion of wrongs to get rid of them. 

Mrs. Ames eulogized Garrison as a 
man of clean life and of great adher- 
ence to principle, a great moral hero. 
She then dwelt upon the need of ap- 
plying the spirit of Garrison to the 
reform of present day evils, especial- 
ly that of corrupt city politics, advis- 
ing all to vote for Mr. Frothingham. 

Hon. John R. Murphy spoke very 
eloquently on Mr. Garrison. He knew 
Wendell Phillips personally and oflen 
talked with him about the anti-slav- 
ery cause. He said that the original 
conception of the plan to destroy slav- 
ery was Garrison's though others 
worked in the cause. Referring to 
the fact that slavery was abolished by 
war he said that while he did not be- 
lieve bloodshed was always necessary 
to reform yet it was a weak cause th^t 
was not worth dying for. (Applause.) 

He said that he foresaw the early 
coming of the ideal of fraternity and 
that it would come from espousal of 
the ideal of Americanism under which 
lines of race, color and creed would 
vanish. America was made up of all 
races, colors and creeds. 

"You have done your share," said 
the speaker, "in all the wars that have 
saved and upbuilt and made glorious 
the country, and shoulder to shoulder 
with your white fellow citizens you 
will contribute to all its victories in 
peace." (Applause.) 

Mr. William L. Reed, executive mes- 
senger to the governor referred to 
the great meeting at the Smith Court 
Synagogue as giving him inspiration. 
He said he enjoyed the remarks of Mr. 
Murphy as those of a man belonging 
to another race that had been perse- 
cuted in this country but had forged 
to the front. He spoKe of some speak- 
er at the 20th Century club who said 
Garrison lacked wholly commonsensp 
in his methods of trying to free the 
slaves. Mr. Reed said that was the 
trouble with the public today. Any 
man who said peonage was slavery, 
disfranchisement serfdom and who 
censured public officials for ignoring 
the great princii)le would be consid- 
ered "indiscreet." 

The pastor, after remarking that 
politics in the sense of good citizen- 
ship had a rightful place in the church. 
a remark caused by the arrival of 
Speaker Frothingham, introduced 
with an extraordinary tribute Prof. 
Frank C. Richardson, Registrar of the 



Boston University School of Medicine. 
Prof. Richardson delivered a notable 
address. He said in part: 

Of the many lessons to be learned 
from a contemplation of the career 
of William Lloyd Garrison, none to 
my mind constitute a more pr:ciois 
heritage to your race than the self- 
culture, independent thought and 
steadfastness of purpose which his life 
exemplified. 

Reared in poverty, an errand boy, 
a wood sawyer, a printer's apprentice, 
with scarcely a common school edu- 
cation as we understand it today, by 
his own effort he cultivated his rea- 
soning faculty, and his powers of ex- 
pression till he raised himself to 
heights from which his voice \vai> 
heard around the world. By his inde- 
pendence of thought and steadfastne is 
of purpose he came to be a leader of 
men — the emancipator of a race and 
swayed a nation's destiny. 

Edison once said that genius was 2 
percent genius and 98 percent hard 
work. 

So it is with our accomplishment — 
while something may be due to natural 
ability, far more is the result of ear- 
nest effort. It is well to remember 
that there can be no actual equality 
among men. Every man's future de- 
pends upon himself. It is well tVr 
you to remember that the equal rights 
which William Lloyd Garrison labor- 
ed so earnestly for years to obtain 
are the rights and opportunities equal 
to those of every other man, to ^tore 
your mind with knowledge; to culti- 
vate the habit of independent thought 
to upbuild your character to its rich- 
est, fullest fruition until you shill 
have won the admiration and respoct 
of the world. 

It has been said in criticism of yo r 
race that you are emotional. I would 
not have you otherwise. He who has 
no strength of emotion, no passion of 
sorrow or of joy is far removed from 
the ideal of manhood, but see to it 
that your emotion is governed by self- 
control; is tempered by the light of 
reason. 

It has been said of you that you are 
merely imitative. What more, I ask, 
could have been reasonably expected 
of you during the past years of your 
mental awakening? To the lasting 
credit of your race be it said that the 
examples you have followed have 
more often than otherwise been of 
the best — your ideals the highest. 



lURTll ()!• WILLIAM LLOVI) (lAKRlSON 



7' 



You have passed through the stage 
of mere imitation — you liave hninie 1 
to think — to reason. The time Is now 
at hand for you to originate, to create. 

"Whatever your walk of life it sho ilil 
be your ambition and steadfast pur- 
pose to be not only the equal of others 
but the best in your particular neld. 

The women should strive for excel- 
lence in domestic arts and shoild cul- 
tivate those refinements for which the 
work-a-day life of the man leaves him 
no time, but which through woman's 
influence rescues the world from brut- 
ishness. 

The man should enter the competi- 
tion of life with the determination to 
do his best, but to play the game 
square to the end, never swerving one 
jot from the straight path of honor 
and truth as revealed to him by the 
light of his reason. Let him make 
honest and fearless inquiry in all 
things, prove all things and hold fast 
that which is good. 

"Thank God, the past is not the 
present. For its opportunities and 
deeds we are not responsible. It is for 
us to discharge the high duties that 
devolve on us, and carry our wave on- 
ward. To be no better, no greater 
than the past, is to be little and fool- 
i.sh and bad; it is to misapply noble 
means, to sacrifice glorious opportuni- 
ties for the performance of sublime 
deeds, to become cumberers of the 
t round.'" 

Rev. Shaw introduced Mr. Frothing- 
ham not as candidate for mayor but 
as Speaker of the House. Mr. Froth- 
ingham eulogized Garrison and pro- 
phesied the doing away with race lines 
in the future. He declared the Color- 
ed people could now start a new era 
with, in Massachusetts at least, the 
best blood of the country with them. 

Rev. Charles F. Dole, president of 
the Twentieth Century Club after in- 
terjecting that he hoped Mr. Froth- 
ingham would be elected, said the 
question was whether from all thesa 
Garrison celebrations over the country 
there would be any result in the peo- 
ple living up to Garrison ideals. He 
s.^.id the great question was the pro- 
portion of the beautiful qualities in 
the Colored race, it being admitted 
these qualities were possessed by the 
race. 

Beside the large chorus under Prof. 
McClenny, there was a selection by 
the Crescent Male Quartet and a solo 
by Miss Maybelle Grant, accompanied 
on the orsan by Prof. Frad White. 



The audience was an unusually large 
one filling the galleries as well as the 
floor. 

AT CHARLES ST. A. M. E. CHURCH, 
CHARLES ST., BOSTON. 

An immense crowd, Sundav night, 
packed the large auditorium of 
Charles Street church and filled the 
galleries, the special feature of the 
tvening's service being the Garrison 
centenary meeting, arranged in re- 
sponse to the ai)i)eal to the clery of the 
Boston Suffraiice league. Mr. Oswald 
Garrison Villard of the New York 
Evening Post, gi'andson of the great 
emancipator, had accei)ted an invita- 
tion to come on from New York, and 
attend this meeting, and Mrs. Mary 
Church Terrell, who had electrified a 
large audience the P"'ridav night be- 
fore, the greatest woman s])eaker of 
her race, had been announced to 
speak, with others, in eulogy of the 
man whose l(K)th birthday the Colored 
people of the city were celebrating. 
The choir under the leadership of the 
chorister, Mr. J. Sherman Jones, fur- 
nished excellent music throughout the 
evening. The pastor. Rev. Reverdy C. 
Ransom, in introducing as the first 
speaker, Mr. "Villard, spoke of the 
pleasure it had given him to invite Mr. 
Villard and of his great joy in receiv- 
ing the latter's acceptance to honor 
the occasion by his presence. 

Mr. "Villard said that it had not been 
the intention of any member of the 
family to speak at any of the various 
meetings held in honor of his grand- 
father, but that since the rule had 
been violated by Mr. Francis Garrison 
at the Joy street meeting in the after- 
noon, he felt free to express at least 
his thanks to the Colored ueople of 
Boston for the manner in which they 
had honored his grandfather. He had 
come with no set sneech. It was dif- 
ficult, he said, to' express the praise 
^hat was due Mr. Garrison's great and 
noble life without a seeming indeli- 
cacy because of the relationship. But 
if he were here today he would say 
not to honor him, but the noble band 
of heroes that supported him, and not 
to think of the personalities, bu-t of 
the cause and its triumphs, and let it 
be an inspiration. Mr. Garrison was 
a man of peace and triumphed by 
methods of peace and not of violence. 
To him it was given, too, to see him- 
self the success of the catise which 
few expected to see triumph in less 



72 



ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 



than a century. "Therein." continued 
the speaker, "lies inspiration to us all 
to continue to fight the battle of right- 
eousness not only here, but wherever 
human beings the world over are be- 
ing oppressed. In Garrison's spirit I 
urge you to courage and faith as 
you look into the future. No one ever 
saw Garrison downcast. When he de- 
cided the anti-slavery forces should 
organize only 15 gathered together, 
and when he proposed that in the 
platform of the new society should be 
the clause calling for immediate eman- 
cipation, three of his dearest friends 
walked o.-.t, the only ones who could 
donate a hundred dollars to the cause 
and not be embarrassed. Yet in a few 
years 800 societies and the national 
anti-slavery society had been formed. 
What a lesson for U3 when we look 
into the future, when stumbling blocks 
are put in the way of .iustice! There 
was a cause which seemed hopeless 
triumphing, which showed that Garri- 
son possessed divine forethought, and 
that the cause had supporters.' Re- 
member these thjnss when you are 
discouraged, and put into vour work 
some of that indomitable spirit, some 
of that righteousness that was Garri- 
son's." 

Mr. E. E. Brown next spoke in elo- 
quent terms of eulogy of Garrison. He 
thought no man more fitting to re- 
ceive the Negro's love and respect 
than Garrison, the great emancipator 
and liberator of a people, and uncom- 
promising defender of their ri-hts 
from whose life should be derived^ the 
lessons of fearless and dauntless cour- 
age in the face of trials and difl^cul- 
ties. He spoke of the great scene of 
the broadcloth mob. and of the occa- 
sion that enlisted Wendell Phillips to 
the cause of freedom, and lamented 
the dearth of men of the stamu of 
Garrison and Phillips and Andrews. 

Mrs. Glendower Evans, who is an 
agitator for clean politics, said that 
It was a tremendous occasion to cele- 
brate the life of so great a man, and 
regretted that though we thought of 
the deeds of the past we did not live 
up to them. She spoke of the cor- 
ruption in municipal politics and ex- 
horted all to help remove the evils. 

The pastor introduced the next 
speaker, Mr. M. R. DeMortie. as one 
who had himself worked in the anti- 
slavery cause. Mr. DeMortie began 
his address, which was teeming with 
interesting historical statements of 
the anti-slavery times, by remarking 



that the very choir which had ren- 
dered such beautiful music spoke 
through and was a tribute to Mr. Gar- 
rison because through him was made 
possible the opportunity to sing Mr 
DeMortie then told of the work of the 
abolitionists of his own participation 
and aroused much interest by exhibit- 
ing copies of The Liberator. His eul- 
ogy of Mr. Garrison and his coadjutors 
was very impressive. He spoke of the 
12 men who formed the anti-slavery 
society in the old Baptist church 
in Joy street, as the 12 apostles of 
freedom; he mentioned the names of 
the abolitionists, of Wni. C. Nell who 
got inspiraUon from Crispus Attucks' 
life, and began agitating for a monu- 
ment to Attucks, and was moved also 
to agitate for mixed schools in Bos- 
ton. In the course of Mr. De Mortie's 
remarks he spoke of a man present 
who saved Phillips from the mob, and 
when the pastor called for the man to 
rise, Mr. T. P. Taylor arose, and re- 
ceived the plaudits of the audience. 

The last speaker was Mrs. Mary 
Church Terrell, who stirred the audi- 
ence by her recital of the wrongs per- 
petrated on the Negroes todav. She 
painted a vivid and awful picture of 
the chain gang, the convict lease sys- 
tem, lynch law and all the horrors of 
southern brutality, and declared that 
the atrocities in America went far 
beyond the murders of the Rusisan 
Jews, and that though maltreated the 
Jews' social status was always supe- 
rior to that of the Negro in the United 
States. She longed for another W. L. 
Garrison as needed now as in the days 
of slavery to start such an agitation 
that would emancipate the race today 
from its awful thraldom. Mrs Ter- 
rell's speech was a masterly effort 
showing a deep acquaintance with the 
subject, and full of long quotations 
rrom Garrison's sayings and letters 
Ihe audience was loud and long in 
Its applause. 

With Mrs. Terrell's address, after 
singing by the choir, the memorable 
event came to an end. 

AT. ST. PAUL BAPTIST CHURCH 
CAMDEN STREET. BOSTON. ' 



In spite of the stormy weather a 
ereat audience assembled in the St 
Paul Baptist church Sunday night Dec! 
lOth in response to the call of the 
Boston Suffra-e league, to celebrate 
the one hundredth birthday of that 
matchless hero. William Llovd Garri- 



niKI'il ()!■ \\1I,I,1.\M l.l,()\|) CAkKlSON 



73 



son. The speakers were most enthu- 
siatically received. The services 
opened at 7.30 with a sacred solo l)y 
the organist. Miss I.. Hill. Thepastor, 
Dr. B. W. Farris, (hen ai'ose and in 
a brief and timely si)eech, introduced 
Sergeant Horatio J. Homer, the i)re- 
siding officer, who in a short address, 
declared that Mr. (Harrison had made 
it possible for the Negro to advance so 
rapidly in the higher civilization. He 
then called upon the pastor to read 
Scripture, after which Deacon Alfred 
Moore, who knew Mr. Garrison ix^rson- 
ally was introduced to offer prayer. 
He then introduced Madame Nana 
Varrs Hunter, who captured her audi- 
ence by her sweet solo. Professor 
Homer B. Sprague of Cambridge de- 
livered a most profound address, go- 
ing back to the genesis of the Negro 
in this country, and ending by declar- 
ing that "William f^loyd Garrison 
was the Moses of this generation." 
He said in part: 

"Slavery was introduced into this 
country some 2S6 years ago. It was 
a great hindrance to the progress of 
our nation. It was a great sin that, 
was committed by the whole country, 
who took stock in slave trade. The 
nation paid for this sin dearly by the 
sacrifice of so many precious lives and 
the expenditure of so much money. 
The character of Mr. Garrison com- 
pels the admiration of every true 
American. The cause for which he 
stood was righteous. In his great 
speech (which he read) he said he 
was willing to trust the work that he 
had begun to the true North for com- 
pletion, that is the eaual rights of the 
Negro. He was your true friend, and 
well have you come to celebrate his ■ 
100th birthday." 

Professor Sprague closed with the 
following quotation from Lowell: 
"No; true freedom is to share 
All the chains our brothers wear, 
.^nd with heart and hand to be 
Earnest to make others free. 
They are slaves who fear to speak 
For the fallen and the weak; 
They are slaves who will not choose 
Hatred, scoffing, and abuse, 
Rather than in silence shrink 
From the truth they needs must think. 
They are slaves who dare not be 
In the right with two or three!" 

The next speaker was Rabbi Eich- 
ler, who was received amid great ap- 
plause, and said: 

"I consider it an honor to have the 
opporttmity of standing upon the plat- 



form of thi.s old historic church or- 
ganization, upon whose platform Mr. 
Garrison has stood in defense of your 
liberty and the safety of the govern- 
ment years ago. 

You have been emancipated, in part, 
but you are still passing through the 
wilderness of American prejudice; 
yo\i have yet to come to the posses- 
sion of the promised land. Your 
progress in the last 40 years tells t..e 
world that you will in time reach that 
promised land. Your sorrows are 
felt keenly by our race. You read the 
daily iiapers and you see how my race 
is suffering at the hand of the cruel 
oppressor in the far off East, under 
the Russian government. Old men, 
young men, old women and young 
women, children and liabies, are mur- 
dered at the cruel hand of the opi)res- 
sor. The work Mr. Garrison begun 
will not be completed until you reach 
the promised land of your equal rights, 
for which he stood so bravely. You 
honor a great man today; he is to this 
race in part, what Moses was to the 
Jew, and with you we bow in honor to 
his memory. That God i-s the father 
of us all and that God who led the .lew 
©ut of bondage into the promised 
land, was leading the Negro. Let him 
be a man and stand uj) for his rights; 
they will come in time; Garrison has 
made it possible." The choir then 
sang. .Seated upon the platform 
next to Rev. Farris, were Mrs. 
Fanny Garrison Villard and son, Mr. 
Harold Garrison Villard, and 
at this time the presiding officer called 
upon Dr. Farris to introduce Mrs. Vil- 
lard, with a five minutes' eulogy that 
brought forth loud applause, the great 
audience arose and received Mrs. Vil- 
lard amidst the most enthusiastic 
gratefulness. After they were seated 
and the applause had died away, she 
delivered a 20-minute address, saying: 

"Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentle- 
men: Words cannot express my joy in 
being here tonight. When Mr. Farris. 
your pastor, invited me in New York 
city to be present here tonight, I ac- 
cepted the kind invitation with pleas- 
ure. So much has been said in com- 
mendation of the earnest deeds of my 
father that I hardly know how to ex- 
press my appreciation. I was down 
to the old Joy street meeting house 
this afternoon, to that great meeting, 
and my heart was filled as I listened 
and thought of how my father spoke 
from that platform in defense of your 
liberty. Your pastor said in introduc- 



74 



ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 



ing me that our home was always 
filled with visitors, who were interest- 
ed in the movement of freeing your 
race. I would often go to bed in one 
place and wake in the morning in an- 
other place, having been moved dur- 
ing the night and my bed given to 
strangers. My father used to sav to 
me, 'Daughter, you have a nice bed 
and lovely home and all comforts, but 
the poor little Colored girl has no bed, 
no comforts, no home, how hapi)y you 
ought to be and what a good girl you 
ought to be ! ' 

"But my father was not only intei- 
ested in the emanciiiation of your 
race; he was also interested in the 
women and worked hard in this direc- 
tion. In fact he was interested in 
every good and rigi.LCOUs cause; he 
was truly an honest advocater against 
wrong. He stood for higher life. 

"Our family was happy, our home 
pleasant, because neither my father 
nor my mother, nor the children took 
difficulties hard: we always rose 
above the situation and were happy, 
because we were workin'j; for a prin- 
ciple that would live on, though we 
die. If my father could come back 
here now, he would be much mortified 
to know that those principles for 
which he stood and suffered, and that 
were accomplished by giving the Col- 
ored people their franchise, had been 
rescinded and the South no longer re- 
garded your race as citizens. But let 
us hope for a better future, and one 
hundred years hence, I trust all 
wrongs will have been made right and 
your race enjoy that happy freedom 
for which my father suffered and to 
which cause he so earnestly gave a 
great part of his life. I thank you for 
listening so attentively to my re- 
marks." 

Other brief addresses were then de- 
livered and the program was closed 
by a chorus, "Awake the Song." 

AT MORNING STAR BAPTIST 
CHURCH. BOSTON. 



The Morning Star Baptist church 
Garrison celebration on Sunday eve- 
ning was of especially good quality, 
being held under the auspices of the 
Boston Suffrage League. After 
jirayer by the pastor. Rev. Martin 
L. Harvey, the programme opened 
with an ai)propriate speech from 
Mr. W. W. Doherty, who empha- 
sized the work of the league and said 
it was following in the steps of Gar- 
rison, and concluded with the assur- 



ance that Garrison's work would live 
on forever and that it behooved all 
of us to emulate his example and 
work with his spirit. Mr. H. B. Black- 
well spoke next and said in part that 
Garrison was the right man for the 
right time and that his work was 
done so truly and so well that its ef- 
fect is lasting even up to this day. 
Miss Alice Blackwell was next intro- 
duced in place of Mrs. Julia W. Howe. 
Her remarks were enthusiastic and 
interesting and included many person- 
al reminiscences of Mr. Garrison with 
whom she had a close acquaintance. 
He had been a source of great inspir 
at ion to her, antl she thoroughly be 
lieved in his principles. S'he claimed 
that this celel)ration should inspire 
all of us to work harder in the great 
cause of human rights and that we 
should look to Garrison for encourage- 
ment. 

Mr. B. F. Trueblood referred to the ex- 
cellent work being done by the Suf- 
frage league and said that while Gar- 
rison was primarily a man of pow- 
er, yet he accomplished such a vast 
amount of good that his name would 
ever be connected Wn.. every move- 
ment for manhood's rights. Rev. 
Byron Gunner of Newport contri- 
i)ute 1 a strong and able address in 
which hi' claimed that Garrison was a 
faithful man and feared God above 
all else: that he was true to his con- 
victions, especially to his convictions 
of slavery's wrongs. He continued 
that Garrison was true to the work af- 
ter he had begun it and stood by it 
through every struggle. Mr. Gunner 
said further that he hoped a lasting 
insi)iration by this memorial would be 
made on the hearts of all. 

Mr. Davis of Maiden concluded I lie 
program with a forceful and appn ci- 
ative speech. 

AT ZION BAPTIST CHURCH. 

LYNN, MASS. 



A Garrison Memorial meeting was 
held with special exercises Sunday 
night, Dec. loth, 1905, at the Zion Bap- 
tist church, corner of Fayette and 
Adams streets, Lynn, Mass. The ad- 
dress of the evening was delivered by 
the pastor. Rev. P. Thomas Stanford, 
D. D., M. D.. LL. D., his subject be- 
ing "The Voice of Wm. Lloyd Garri- 
son." 

He said in part: 

"The Suffrage League of Boston 
has issued an appeal to the clergjTnen 



lURTII OF WILLIAM LI.UND (.ARRISOX 



75 



peo])le to unite on the loth and 11th 
of this month, today and tomorrow, 
and fittingly recognize the centenary 
of William Lloyd Garrison. 

"In his last days Mr. Garrison frank- 
ly ascribed all that he had been or 
done to the training, example and in- 
fluence of his mother, whose early his- 
tory was of uncommon interest. He 
was her second son and loved her with 
all his soul, mind and spirit. Her ac- 
tions, words and deeds were as if with 
nn iron pen cut into his very l)eing 
and shaped his character. 

After speaking of Garrison's con- 
version to Immediatism and of his im- 
prisonment at Baltimore, his fine hav- 
ing been paid by Arthur Tappan, Rev. 
Stanford continued: 

"July 1, 1831, Mr. Garrison issued 
the first edition of the Liberator. He 
had no money or friends, and he and 
his partner, Isaac Knapp. were too 
poor to hire an ofRce of their own, but 
the foreman of The Christian Exami- 
ner employed them as journeymen, 
taking their labor as pay for the use 
of his type. James Foster, a Colored 
man of Philadelphia, bought the first 
Liberator for $5u. 

"Laboring under such unfavorable 
circumstances, he was not disheart 
ened. For 35 years the brave Garrison 
contended for the immediate enfran- 
chisement of the slave against many 
odds, unkind treatment and imprison- 
ment. Just 35 years on the first day 
of January, 1866, Garrison had the 
happiness of announcing that the glo- 
rious work to which he had devoted 
himself was finally finished. 

Rev. Stanford closed with an ap- 
peal to his fellow Americans to start 
a second Garrisonian movement to 
abolish Negro-American serfdom. 

AT CENTRE ST. BAPTIST CHURCH, 
MALDEN, MASS. 



At 7.15 p. m., December lU, 
1905, at the Centre Street Baptist 
church, Maiden, Mass., the ser- 
vices were opened by the choir's 
singing "Praise God from Whom All 
Blessings Flow." Invocation was by 
Rev. O. F. Tate, after which E. A. 
Washington, the chorister, led the 
congregation in singing "My Coun- 
try;" the pastor. Rev. J. H. Wiley, 
then read the 60th chapter of Isaiah, 
and Deacon M. H. Smith offered 
prayer, and the next was singing by 



the choir, one of Mr. Garrison's fa- 
vorite hymns, "Awake My Soul. 
Stritch JOvery Ni'rve." After a 
short speech by Deaccjii J. Davis, the 
choir chanted the lii'.d Psalm. Tiu-ii 
Rev. Wiley arose; and took for his text 
Isaiah 6L 1st and 2d vi'rsi-s ami from 
this prophecy In- i)ictured the like- 
ness of Garrison and Christ in tlnir 
work. Christ worked for the eman- 
cipation of man's sold; Garrison 
worked for the eniaiicii)ation of man's 
body. Then Deacon E. Derry offered 
prayer, and after that Deacon P. 
Sneed look u|) a good celebration col- 
lection, and the congregation united 
in singing "Blest Be the Tie That 
Binds." At 9.30 benediction bv Fath- 
er Tate. 

AT CALVARY BAPTIST CHURCH, 
SHAWMUT AVENUE. BOSTON. 

Al I lie Calvary l'>a|)iisl Cinii-cli, Los- 
lon, Sunday night, Dei-. 10th, there was 
a joint (Jarrison celebration by church 
and Sunday School. Mr. L. E. Pasco, 
church clerk, presided. Rev. S. J. Com- 
fort, the pastor, read the Boston Sul- 
frage League's Appeal and welcomed 
the Sunday School. Mrs. .Mary How- 
ard, superintendent, made the re- 
sponse. Miss Marie .lohnson i-ead a 
poem on Garrison comi)osed by the 
late Elijah Smith, father of Mrs. J. M. 
Burrell. An eloquent oration on Gar- 
rison was delivered by John M. Bur- 
rell, Esq. The choir, ProL J. S. Pol- 
len, director, sang several hymns. Rev. 
Taylor pronounced the benediction. 
The meeting was enthusiastic and in- 
s])iring. 

AT UNION BAPTIST CHURCH, 
MAIN ST.. CAMBRIDGE. 



At \hv Union Bai)tist church, Cam- 
bridge, Sunday night, Dec. Kith, the 
Rev. Jesse Harrell, D. D., si)oke on the 
100th anniversary of Wm. Lloyd Garri- 
son. He spoke of the great and good 
men being a gift from God. Wm. Lloyd 
Garrison was a broad-hearted man 
and a lover of all mankind. He made 
a great sacrifice of his time and labor- 
ed for the freedom of the Colored 
race. The pastor urged upon the peo- 
ple to follow his example and pre- 
cepts. He also spoke on the no-license 
question, urged uix)n the people to 
vote no. The choir rendered special 
selections and the congregation was 
good . 



MAY 14 1906 




LIBRftRY OF CONGRESS 



011 898 951 n # 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



011 898 951 A 



pe^nulipe* 
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